Which of the following was a consequence of nineteenth-century European imperialism on colonized societies?

Question

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European imperialism in the 19th century resulted in the integration of colonial economies into a global network of exchange centered in Europe. This was achieved through the establishment of export-oriented economies that exploited colonies for their raw materials and provided manufactured goods in return. Colonial economies were thus dependent on European economies, leading to their exploitation and underdevelopment. The incorporation of colonial populations into European society on a basis of equality did not occur, and imperialism exacerbated poverty and exploitation rather than ending it. Industrialization in Asia and Africa did not occur until the 20th century, and even then it was often hindered by imperialist policies.

Which of the Following Was a Consequence of Nineteenth-Century European