Question 1

A chain of asexual spores produced by a sac fungus is called
A) a mycelium.
B) a conidia.
C) an ascospore.
D) a basidiospore.
E) a hypha.

Accepted Answer

A chain of asexual spores produced by a sac fungus is called conidia. Option A, mycelium, refers to the vegetative body of a fungus consisting of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae. Options C and D refer to sexual spore types produced by ascomycete and basidiomycete fungi, respectively. Option E refers to a single thread-like structure that makes up the body of a fungus.

Question 2

A cuplike sexual reproductive structure is found in the
A) Basidiomycota.
B) Glomeromycota.
C) Chytridiomycota.
D) Ascomycota.
E) Zygomycota.

Accepted Answer

Ascomycota are known for their cuplike sexual reproductive structures called ascocarps, which contain sacs (asci) that produce spores. Basidiomycota have club-shaped reproductive structures (basidiocarps) while Glomeromycota do not produce sexual structures. Chytridiomycota have flagellated spores and do not form elaborate reproductive structures. Zygomycota produce zygospores within a thick-walled sporangium, but not cuplike structures.

Question 3

Which group of organisms is mostly saprotrophic decomposers that assist in recycling of nutrients in ecosystems.
A) Algae
B) Viruses
C) Fungi
D) Protozoans
E) Ciliates

Accepted Answer

Fungi are mostly saprotrophic decomposers that assist in recycling of nutrients in ecosystems. They break down dead organic matter and release nutrients back into the soil or water for other organisms to use. Algae, protozoans, and ciliates are not primarily decomposers, and viruses are not considered living organisms and do not have the ability to decompose organic matter.

Question 4

Which of the following is classified as a fungi?
A) protozoans
B) algae
C) slime molds
D) water molds
E) black bread mold

Accepted Answer

Fungi include organisms such as yeasts, molds and mushrooms. Black bread mold is a common example of a fungi. Protozoans, algae and slime molds are not classified as fungi. Water molds are a type of fungus-like organism.

Question 5

Which of the following is a fungus?
A) mushroom
B) yeast
C) ringworm
D) mold
E) All of the answer choices represent types of fungi.

Accepted Answer

All of the answer choices represent types of fungi.

Question 6

Chytrids and mushrooms are examples of organisms that belong to the kingdom
A) Archaea.
B) Protists.
C) Fungi.
D) Plantae.
E) Animalia.

Accepted Answer

Chytrids and mushrooms are both types of fungi, which belong to the kingdom Fungi.

Question 7

Which is the largest group of protozoans?
A) amoeboids
B) zooflagellates
C) ciliates
D) sporozoans
E) slime molds

Accepted Answer

Ciliates are the largest group of protozoans, consisting of around 8,000 species. They are characterized by the presence of cilia, which are used for locomotion and feeding. Amoeboids, zooflagellates, sporozoans, and slime molds are all smaller groups of protozoans.

Question 8

At one time, biologists thought that fungi were merely forms of plants that had lost their chlorophyll and evolved saprotrophy to obtain food. Which of the following is a reason why fungi are no longer classified with the plants?
A) Fungal cell walls contain chitin rather than cellulose.
B) Fungi digest their food internally.
C) All fungi have flagella at some stage in their life cycle and plants do not.
D) Plants are multicellular and fungi are unicellular.
E) Plants store glycogen, while fungi store starch.

Accepted Answer

Fungal cell walls contain chitin rather than cellulose, which is the main component of plant cell walls. This is a key difference between fungi and plants and is one reason why fungi are now classified in their own kingdom (Fungi) rather than as a subgroup of plants.

Question 9

Which of the following terms describes organisms that break down dead organic matter in order to absorb the nutrient molecules?
A) prokaryotic
B) autotrophic
C) parasitic
D) saprotrophic
E) heterotrophic

Accepted Answer

Saprotrophic organisms are decomposers, which break down dead organic matter (such as fallen leaves, dead animals, and waste material), and absorb the nutrient molecules for their own growth and survival.

Question 10

In time, bread becomes stale and grows mold on the exposed surfaces. Why does mold not begin growing inside the bread loaf?
A) Mold can grow only on dry surfaces.
B) Only molds at the surface of the bread can get oxygen to respire.
C) Mold actually begins from anywhere inside but produces colored spores only at the surface.
D) There is an antibiotic antagonism between the bread mold and the internal yeasts that made the bread rise.
E) The bread was sterilized when it was baked and thereafter mold spores settle only on the outside of the cooled bread.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In time, bread becomes stale and grows...

Question 11

Although they have many features in common, water molds are differentiated from fungi because
A) unlike fungi, water molds are saprotrophic.
B) water molds have cell walls of cellulose, while fungi have cell walls of chitin.
C) water molds grow only in water and fungi grow only on land.
D) adult water molds are diploid, while adult fungi are haploid.
E) unlike fungi, water molds do not have a filamentous body.

Accepted Answer

Water molds have cell walls of cellulose, while fungi have cell walls of chitin. This is the main difference between the two groups.

Question 12

Which protist is mismatched with the type of movement it utilizes?
A) amoeboids-pseudopodia
B) ciliates-cilia
C) dinoflagellates-flagella
D) foraminiferans-pseudopodia
E) euglenoids-cilia

Accepted Answer

Euglenoids utilize flagella for movement, not cilia.

Question 13

What structure forms when Rhizopus reproduces sexually?
A) an ascocarp
B) a basidium
C) mycorrhizae
D) a zygospore
E) a lichen

Accepted Answer

When Rhizopus reproduces sexually, it forms a zygospore. This is a round, thick-walled structure that is formed when two gametangia (specialized reproductive structures) of opposite mating types fuse together. The zygospore can survive unfavorable conditions and then germinate to form new individuals when conditions improve.

Question 14

Which organisms exist as a diploid, multinucleated cytoplasmic mass?
A) sporozoa
B) dinoflagellates
C) slime molds
D) diatoms
E) ciliates

Accepted Answer

Slime molds exist as a diploid, multinucleated cytoplasmic mass during part of their life cycle.

Question 15

You dig up a large mass of fungal filaments. Upon close examination, you find cross-walls composed on chitin. Which of the following describes what you dug up?
A) a mycelium with septate sporangium
B) a sporangium with nonseptate sporangium
C) a mycelium with septate hyphae
D) hyphae with nonseptate mycelium
E) an ascocarp with nonseptate hyphae

Accepted Answer

The presence of cross-walls composed of chitin indicates that the sample is composed of septate hyphae. Therefore, the only option that fits with this description is a mycelium composed of septate hyphae (option C). The other options either involve nonseptate hyphae (options B and D) or have different structures (options A and E).

Question 16

Each filament in a mycelium is known as
A) a zygosporangium.
B) a conidium.
C) an ascospore.
D) a basidiospore.
E) a hypha.

Accepted Answer

Each filament in a mycelium is known as a hypha.

Question 17

Which of the following groupings correctly identifies the classification of fungi?
A) Domain Eukarya, supergroup Opisthokonts, kingdom Fungi
B) Domain Bacteria, supergroup Opisthokonts, kingdom Fungi
C) Domain Eukarya, supergroup Amoebozoans, kingdom Fungi
D) Domain Eukarya, supergroup Amoebozoans, kingdom Plantae
E) Domain Eukarya, supergroup Rhizaria, kingdom Fungi

Accepted Answer

Fungi are classified under Domain Eukarya, supergroup Opisthokonts, and kingdom Fungi. Bacteria and Amoebozoans are not correct domains, and Plantae and Rhizaria are not correct kingdoms for fungi.

Question 18

Sac fungi take their name from the shape
A) of their sexual spores.
B) of the sexual reproductive structure that produces the spores.
C) of their asexual spores.
D) of their hyphae.
E) of their underground mycelium.

Accepted Answer

Sac fungi are named after their sexual reproductive structures, which are called asci. These structures produce sac-like structures called ascospores, which are their main means of reproduction.

Question 19

The infective agent of which human disease has an asexual reproductive phase in humans and a sexual reproductive phase in the Anopheles mosquito?
A) malaria
B) African sleeping sickness
C) toxoplasmosis
D) amoebic dysentery
E) All of the answer choices represent diseases with both an asexual phase in humans and a sexual phase in mosquitos.

Accepted Answer

Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasite, which has an asexual phase in humans and a sexual phase in the Anopheles mosquito.

Question 20

The sporozoan Toxoplasma gondii can be harmful to a developing fetus. Thus, pregnant women are advised to avoid
A) raw honey.
B) mosquito bites.
C) consuming sushi.
D) cat feces.
E) dog dander.

Accepted Answer

Pregnant women are advised to avoid cat feces as it may contain the sporozoan Toxoplasma gondii which can harm the developing fetus. The other options, raw honey, mosquito bites, consuming sushi, and dog dander, do not pose a significant threat to the developing fetus.

Quiz 29: Protists and Fungi

A chain of asexual spores produced by a sac fungus is called

A cuplike sexual reproductive structure is found in the

Which group of organisms is mostly saprotrophic decomposers that assist in recycling of nutrients in ecosystems.

Which of the following is classified as a fungi?

Which of the following is a fungus?

Chytrids and mushrooms are examples of organisms that belong to the kingdom

Which is the largest group of protozoans?

At one time, biologists thought that fungi were merely forms of plants that had lost their chlorophyll and evolved saprotrophy to obtain food. Which of the following is a reason why fungi are no longer classified with the plants?

Which of the following terms describes organisms that break down dead organic matter in order to absorb the nutrient molecules?

In time, bread becomes stale and grows mold on the exposed surfaces. Why does mold not begin growing inside the bread loaf?

Although they have many features in common, water molds are differentiated from fungi because

Which protist is mismatched with the type of movement it utilizes?

What structure forms when Rhizopus reproduces sexually?

Which organisms exist as a diploid, multinucleated cytoplasmic mass?

You dig up a large mass of fungal filaments. Upon close examination, you find cross-walls composed on chitin. Which of the following describes what you dug up?

Each filament in a mycelium is known as

Which of the following groupings correctly identifies the classification of fungi?

Sac fungi take their name from the shape

The infective agent of which human disease has an asexual reproductive phase in humans and a sexual reproductive phase in the Anopheles mosquito?

The sporozoan Toxoplasma gondii can be harmful to a developing fetus. Thus, pregnant women are advised to avoid