Consider These Two Examples of Tissues: 1

Consider these two examples of tissues: 1. The body of a slime mold that flows over a rotten log appears to lack any partitioning into distinct cells; however, it does become cellular when it changes form and produces spores.
2) The surfaces of parasitic flatworms and some insect tissues are "syncytial" layers of living material that developed from a single cell but now contain many nuclei, though they lack partitioning by cell membranes. These tissues actively consume food and produce wastes.
If the cell theory states that "all living things are composed of cells," then

A) neither of these are living tissues because they violate the cell theory.
B) these examples prove that some vital force is involved, beyond normal cell structures, to give life to living organisms.
C) these tissues are obviously a bridge between nonliving and primitive living cells.
D) the general concept of life-is-cellular still holds, since these organisms still utilize cells at some time in their life cycles, though these examples show that cell membranes can be abandoned.
E) these examples demonstrate that cell membranes are a necessity if a cell is to be classified as "living."