Question 1

What is the most productive and scientific approach to studying identical twins who were reared apart in totally different environments?

Accepted Answer

The most productive and scientific approach to studying identical twins who were reared apart in totally different environments is to recognize the dynamic interplay between nature and nurture. This means that researchers should take into account both genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the development of the twins. By studying both the similarities and differences between the twins, researchers can gain a better understanding of how both nature and nurture shape human behavior and development. Ignoring one of these factors or emphasizing one over the other is not a scientifically valid approach.

Question 2

What do The Legend of Greystoke and the "wild boy of Aveyron" have in common?

Accepted Answer

Both The Legend of Greystoke and the "wild boy of Aveyron" are stories about feral children who were raised in social isolation from other humans. The Legend of Greystoke depicts the fictional story of a young aristocrat named John Clayton who is raised by apes in the African jungle, while the "wild boy of Aveyron" is based on the true story of a boy who was found living in isolation in the forests of France in the late 18th century.

Question 3

The first stage in Piaget's model of cognitive development, in which children can experience the world only through their senses, is the ________.

Accepted Answer

The sensorimotor stage is characterized by the child relying on their senses and motor abilities to explore and understand the world around them. This stage typically lasts from birth to age 2. The other answer choices (imitative stage, preconventional stage, concrete operational stage) are not part of Piaget's cognitive development model.

Question 4

The single most powerful medium for communicating a standardized message to millions of people in a matter of moments is ________.

Accepted Answer

Television has historically been the most powerful medium for reaching a wide audience quickly with a standardized message, due to its combination of visual and auditory elements that can capture attention more effectively than other forms of media.

Question 5

What is the result of children's watching as much as 40 hours of television a week?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the result of children's watching...

Question 6

Teaching right and wrong and other normative aspects of the culture other than purely academic subjects in school is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The hidden curriculum refers to the implicit or unstated lessons, values, and norms taught in schools alongside the academic curriculum. This includes teaching students about what is considered right and wrong in society, as well as other normative aspects of the culture. Options A, B, and C are not correct as they do not refer to this concept.

Question 7

What are groups and institutions that both formally and informally take on the task of socialization called?

Accepted Answer

Agents of socialization are groups or institutions that play a significant role in integrating individuals into the social world by teaching them the norms, values, and behaviors of their society. Examples include family, schools, peer groups, and media.

Question 8

What phrase did Harry Gracey use to describe kindergarten?

Accepted Answer

Harry Gracey referred to kindergarten as "the academic boot camp," highlighting its role in preparing children for the formal education system.

Question 9

What did Charles Horton Cooley call the process in which individuals use others like mirrors and base their conceptions of themselves on what is reflected back to them during social interaction?

Accepted Answer

Charles Horton Cooley called the process in which individuals use others like mirrors and base their conceptions of themselves on what is reflected back to them during social interaction the "looking-glass self".

Question 10

A field that integrates theories and research from biology and sociology in an effort to better understand human behavior is ________.

Accepted Answer

Sociobiology is the field that integrates theories and research from biology and sociology to understand human behavior. Epistemology is the study of knowledge, while physiognomy is the study of facial features and phrenology is the study of the shape of the skull as an indication of mental abilities and character traits.

Question 11

The social scientist who identified three developmental stages in adult life that he called early, middle, and late adulthood was ________.

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson is the social scientist who identified three developmental stages in adult life that he called early, middle, and late adulthood. The stages are based on his theory of psychosocial development, which emphasizes the importance of social and cultural influences on our individual development throughout our lives.

Question 12

Sociologist Sherry Turkle notes that the computer is more than a tool and that it becomes a part of our identity, which she calls ________.

Accepted Answer

Sherry Turkle's concept of the computer as a part of our identity is referred to as "the second self".

Question 13

Which perspective MOST applies to socialization when it is used as a powerful and effective tool to maintain the status quo and legitimize existing social inequalities?

Accepted Answer

The conflict perspective focuses on power struggles and the ways in which those in power use socialization to maintain their position and justify social inequalities. This perspective views socialization as a tool for social control rather than a means of individual development or interaction.

Question 14

Grossman referred to computers and electronic telecommunications that can change how people view society, government, and themselves as the ________.

Accepted Answer

Grossman referred to computers and electronic telecommunications that have the potential to transform perceptions of society, government, and self as the "electronic republic."

Question 15

Which of the following phrases BEST describes how major television networks and news journals such as Time and Newsweek portray the news?

Accepted Answer

Major television networks and news journals tend to promote ethnocentrism, social order, rugged individualism, and responsible capitalism. This can be seen in their coverage of politics, economics, and social issues, which often prioritize American interests and values and emphasize the importance of personal responsibility and free-market capitalism. Additionally, they often present a positive view of law enforcement and the military, and are critical of government programs that they perceive as promoting dependence or socialism.

Question 16

Prisons, mental hospitals, monasteries, and military bases can BEST be classified as ________.

Accepted Answer

Total institutions are places where individuals are isolated from society and subjected to strict rules and control over their lives. Prisons, mental hospitals, monasteries, and military bases are all examples of total institutions.

Question 17

In the "nature vs. nurture" debate regarding socialization, nature refers to ________ and nurture refers to ________.

Accepted Answer

In the "nature vs. nurture" debate regarding socialization, nature refers to heredity, meaning the genetic and biological factors that influence behavior and development. Nurture refers to environment, including the social, cultural, and familial experiences that shape an individual's behavior and development. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

Question 18

When Private Johnson arrived in Saigon for his first tour of duty in Vietnam, he had to learn a new language and a radically different set of norms, attitudes, values, beliefs and behaviors to survive. In view of this, what is the developmental process to which Private Johnson has been subjected?

Accepted Answer

Private Johnson has been subjected to the process of resocialization, which involves learning new norms, values, beliefs and behaviors in order to adapt to a new environment. In this case, he had to learn the language and cultural norms of Vietnam in order to survive during his tour of duty.

Question 19

What did the research of Leavitt and Power demonstrate about the impact day-care centers had on a child's emotional development?

Accepted Answer

Leavitt and Power's research demonstrated that day-care centers were just as important as the family in providing socialization for a child's emotional development.

Question 20

The creative, more spontaneous, uninhibited initiator of social action also referred to as the "unsocialized self as subject" in Mead's theory of development is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

The creative, more spontaneous, uninhibited initiator of social action referred to as the "unsocialized self as subject" in Mead's theory of development is called the "I". The "me" represents the socialized aspect of the self. The id and libido are theoretical constructs of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, not Mead's theory of development.

Quiz 4: Socialization