Question 1

As compared to the United States,there has been greater litigation in Europe concerning religious discrimination than in the United States.

Accepted Answer

In the United States, there has historically been more litigation concerning religious discrimination due to its strong legal framework for protecting religious freedoms, such as the First Amendment and various federal laws like the Religious Freedom Restoration Act. Europe, while having its own legal protections, generally sees less religious discrimination litigation partly because of different legal systems and societal approaches to religion in the public sphere.

Question 2

The ILO reports that as of 2017,the number of children working worldwide as dropped dramatically to 168,000,000.0.

Accepted Answer

According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), the number of children involved in labor worldwide had indeed decreased to 168 million by 2017, reflecting a significant reduction in child labor globally.

Question 3

Many foreign nations attract investment because of less demanding labor and environmental laws.

Accepted Answer

It is true that many foreign nations attract investment because of less demanding labor and environmental laws. This is because companies may be able to produce goods at a lower cost due to less regulation and oversight, leading to potentially higher profits.

Question 4

The European Union treaties do not address discrimination on the grounds of nationality.

Accepted Answer

The European Union treaties do address discrimination on the grounds of nationality in Article 18 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).

Question 5

A number of foreign countries,especially those with a two-tiered board structure,require substantial employee representation on the board of directors.

Accepted Answer

Many countries, particularly in Europe, have a two-tiered board structure where there is a supervisory board and a management board. In these countries, employee representation on the supervisory board is often required by law. Examples include Germany, France, and the Netherlands.

Question 6

In the U.S.business decisions are within the domain of management without consultation with employees or the union.

Accepted Answer

In the U.S., business decisions are generally made by management without requiring consultation with employees or the union. However, this may vary depending on the specific company and industry. Some companies may choose to involve employees or the union in decision-making processes as part of their management style or collective bargaining agreements.

Question 7

Workers in the United States acquire a property interest in their jobs such that severance pay is an entitlement to compensate for property taken upon dismissal from the position.

Accepted Answer

Workers in the United States do not have a legal property interest in their jobs, and therefore, severance pay is not an entitlement. The employer may offer it as a benefit, but it is not an obligation.

Question 8

In Germany,the supervisory board of directors is responsible for representing government and shareholder interests.

Accepted Answer

The supervisory board in Germany represents the interests of shareholders and employees, not the government.

Question 9

In the Civil Rights Act of 1991,Congress extended Title VII to all U.S.firms operating outside the United States.

Accepted Answer

The Civil Rights Act of 1991 extended Title VII to all U.S. firms operating outside the United States, regardless of the number of employees.

Question 10

With the Civil Rights Act of 1991,Congress extended Title VII to U.S.based firms operating outside the United States under the "control of U.S.entity",and not in conflict with the host countries labor and employment laws.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true. The Civil Rights Act of 1991 extended Title VII to U.S. based firms operating outside the United States under the "control of U.S. entity" and not in conflict with the host countries labor and employment laws.

Question 11

Europeans tend to feel that over a period of time,employees acquire a property interest in their jobs.

Accepted Answer

This is true. In Europe, there is often a concept of "job security" where employees feel that they have a right to their job, and that the employer cannot terminate them without a legitimate reason. This can result in a feeling that employees have a property interest in their jobs, rather than just being at-will workers who can be fired at any time.

Question 12

In Germany,companies that employ more than 2,000 workers must have supervisory boards with 25% representation from labor and 75% representation from shareholders.

Accepted Answer

In Germany, companies with more than 2,000 employees must have supervisory boards with equal representation from labor and shareholders, meaning 50% representation from each side, not 25% labor and 75% shareholders.

Question 13

In the United States,employers under the "at will" employment relationship can terminate employees without cause.

Accepted Answer

In the United States, most employment relationships are considered "at will," which means employers have the right to terminate employees at any time and for any reason, as long as it is not illegal (such as discrimination based on age, race, gender, etc.). However, there are some limited exceptions to this rule, such as when an employee has a contract or collective bargaining agreement that provides additional job protections.

Question 14

Germany labor laws grants its workers equal to management rights to participate in the management of the business.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Germany labor laws grants its workers equal...

Question 15

Some of the newly formed countries of the former Soviet Union have laws that mandate discrimination against certain people.

Accepted Answer

Unfortunately, some newly formed countries in the former Soviet Union have passed discriminatory laws targeting certain groups, such as members of the LGBTQ+ community. This has been a source of concern and criticism from human rights organizations.

Question 16

In Japan,union leadership is a stepping stone to management.

Accepted Answer

In Japan, it is common for union leaders to eventually make the transition to management roles within the same company. This is seen as a way to maintain the harmony and cooperation between labor and management.

Question 17

EU laws prohibiting gender discrimination are much more progressive than those in the United States.

Accepted Answer

The answer of EU laws prohibiting gender discrimination are much...

Question 18

An American citizen working abroad for a wholly owned subsidiary of a British company will be protected by the ADEA if the subsidiary is a U.S.corporation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An American citizen working abroad for a...

Question 19

In many countries,employers are required by law to consult with worker's groups prior to any large-scale dismissals.

Accepted Answer

This is true in many countries as part of labor laws and regulations to ensure that workers' rights and interests are protected in the event of layoffs or workforce reductions.

Question 20

Under German Works Constitution Act,an employer has the right to close a plant or business facility if based on economic necessity at any time and without consultation with workers.

Accepted Answer

According to the German Works Constitution Act, an employer can decide to close a plant or business facility due to economic reasons or measures, but has to provide consultation with the works council or employee representatives beforehand. The consultation is necessary to reach an agreement on social compensation and support measures for affected employees. Without consultation, the employer can face legal consequences.

Quiz 19: Labor and Employment Discrimination Law