Question 1

Research by Salzman et al.(1992)used microstimulation to demonstrate that motion perception
A)is caused by activity in area MT.
B)is caused by activity in area V1.
C)is only correlated with activity in area MT.

Accepted Answer

Salzman et al. (1992) used microstimulation to show that activity in area MT caused motion perception. Therefore, the best choice is A.

Question 2

Movshon et al.(1985)studied "plaid" displays,using the with two superimposed sets of moving stripes,and found is consistent with the idea that MT neurons can combine the responses of V1 neurons and/or other MT neurons.
A)combination-of-motions effect;that the activity of component cells in area MT
B)combination-of-motions effect;that the activity of pattern cells in area MT
C)MAE;that the activity of pattern cells in area MT

Accepted Answer

Movshon et al. (1985) studied "plaid" displays and found evidence supporting the combination-of-motions effect, indicating that the activity of pattern cells in area MT can combine the responses of V1 neurons and/or other MT neurons. This research contributed to understanding how the brain integrates motion information from complex visual scenes.

Question 3

______________ can occur with two different stimuli carefully separated by time and location.
A)MAE
B)The combination-of-motions effect
C)Apparent motion

Accepted Answer

Apparent motion can occur with two different stimuli that are carefully separated by time and location, creating the illusion of motion where there is none. This is a fundamental principle behind how we perceive motion in animations and films.

Question 4

______________ tuning is determined by whether a delay is built into the transmission of signals from Neuron 1 and Neuron 2,while tuning is determined by the length of the delay.
A)Direction;speed
B)Speed;direction
C)Linear;curvilinear

Accepted Answer

Direction tuning is determined by whether there is a delay in the transmission of signals between neurons, indicating the direction of movement. Speed tuning, on the other hand, is determined by the length of this delay, with different delays corresponding to different speeds of movement.

Question 5

The apparent motion quartet
A)includes two frames,each containing symmetrically placed dots,that are presented in rapid alternation.
B)includes four frames,each containing asymmetrically placed dots,that are presented in rapid alternation.
C)includes four frames,each containing symmetrically placed dots,that are presented in rapid alternation.

Accepted Answer

The apparent motion quartet involves two frames with symmetrically placed dots that alternate rapidly, creating the illusion of motion.

Question 6

The area of the brain most closely associated with the perception of biological motion is
A)area V2 of the occipital cortex.
B)the middle temporal area (MT).
C)the posterior superior temporal sulcus (STSp).

Accepted Answer

The posterior superior temporal sulcus (STSp) has been identified as the area of the brain most closely associated with the perception of biological motion. This area is located in the temporal lobe and plays a critical role in recognizing and interpreting human movement, including body language and facial expressions.

Question 7

In explaining MAE your text notes that the concept of motion contrast is similar to
A)trichromatic mechanisms for color vision.
B)opponent color circuits.
C)the mechanisms used to explain depth perception.

Accepted Answer

Motion contrast is similar to opponent color circuits because both involve the comparison of different signals to enhance perception, whether it's motion or color differences.

Question 8

Newsome et al.(1989),using the coherence of motion technique to study monkeys' perception of motion,found that
A)with a coherence level of 12.8% the monkeys' judgments of the direction of motion were correct less than 20% of the time.
B)with a coherence level of 12.8% the monkeys' judgments of the direction of motion were correct about 95% of the time.
C)with a coherence level of 3.2% the monkeys' judgments of the direction of motion were cor- rect about 95% of the time.

Accepted Answer

Newsome et al. (1989) found that with a coherence level of 12.8%, monkeys were able to correctly judge the direction of motion about 95% of the time, indicating their high sensitivity to motion coherence.

Question 9

Piecewise rigidity
A)refers to the constant distance between the wrist and the ankle.
B)is absolute.
C)refers to the constant distance between the knee and the ankle.

Accepted Answer

Piecewise rigidity refers to the constant distance between two specific points on a body segment, typically the knee and the ankle, during movement. The distance between the wrist and the ankle is not typically used in reference to piecewise rigidity, and the concept is not absolute as there can be some small variation in the distance over time or between individuals.

Question 10

Movshon et al.(1985)studied the combination-of-motions effect using two superimposed sets of moving stripes.Their findings are consistent with the idea that MT neurons can combine the responses of V1 neurons.
A)with component cells in area MT
B)with pattern cells in area MT
C)that V1 neurons responded to only the motion of individual component sets of stripes

Accepted Answer

Movshon et al. (1985) found that MT neurons, specifically pattern cells, can integrate the motion signals from V1 neurons to perceive the overall motion pattern rather than just individual components.

Question 11

With a(n)display,the viewer can distinguish a runner from a dancer or a man from a woman.
A)random dot kinematogram
B)point-light walker
C)MAE

Accepted Answer

A point-light walker is a display that consists of points of light attached to the joints of a person or object, allowing the viewer to distinguish different movements and characteristics. This makes it possible to differentiate between a runner and a dancer, or a man and a woman. A random dot kinematogram and MAE do not have the same ability to differentiate between these types of movements or characteristics.

Question 12

Newsome et al.(1989)used the coherence of motion technique to study monkeys' perception of motion.When comparing the results of single-cell recordings from area MT with the monkeys' judgments they found that
A)the judgments were about what one would expect if the judgments were based on the re- sponses of the population of MT neurons.
B)the judgments were about what one would expect if the judgments were based on the re- sponses of the population of V1 neurons.
C)the judgments were inconsistent with what one would expect if the judgments were based on the responses of the population of MT neurons.

Accepted Answer

The study found that the monkeys' judgments were consistent with what one would expect if the judgments were based on the responses of the population of MT neurons. This suggests that MT plays an important role in the perception of motion. Option B is incorrect because the study specifically looked at MT neurons, not V1 neurons. Option C is also incorrect because the judgments were consistent with the responses of MT neurons, rather than inconsistent.

Question 13

Compared to neurons in area V1,neurons in area MT
A)have much smaller receptive fields.
B)have receptive fields 5 to 10 times larger.
C)are the only ones tuned to direction and speed of motion.

Accepted Answer

Neurons in area MT have receptive fields 5 to 10 times larger than neurons in V1. They are also highly tuned to direction and speed of motion, but this is not the only difference between the two areas.

Question 14

A(n)is a display in which a grid is filled with tiny,randomly placed black and white square dots such that shape can be determined without accompanying changes in color,brightness,depth,or texture.
A)random dot kinematogram
B)point-light walker
C)MAE

Accepted Answer

This description matches the definition of a random dot kinematogram, which is commonly used in visual perception research to study motion perception and depth perception. Option B, point-light walker, involves displaying points of light on the joints of a person or object to create the illusion of movement. Option C, MAE (Motion Aftereffect), refers to the illusion where stationary objects appear to move after prolonged exposure to a moving stimulus. None of these options match the given description as closely as option A.

Question 15

The factor that strongly influences whether the dots in the apparent motion quartet appear to move vertically or horizontally is related to the Gestalt principle of
A)similarity.
B)good continuation.
C)proximity.

Accepted Answer

The Gestalt principle of proximity suggests that elements that are close to each other tend to be perceived as a group. In the apparent motion quartet, the proximity of the dots influences whether they are perceived as moving vertically or horizontally.

Question 16

Beckers and Zeki (1995)used transcranial stimulation to temporarily deactivate area MT during the presentation of a moving-dot stimulus and found that the perception of
A)motion was impaired.
B)motion was unaffected.
C)color was enhanced.

Accepted Answer

Beckers and Zeki (1995) found that deactivating area MT impaired the perception of motion. This suggests that area MT plays a crucial role in motion perception.

Question 17

The critical motion center in the primate brain is
A)area V1.
B)area V2.
C)area MT.

Accepted Answer

Area MT, also known as the middle temporal area, is considered the critical motion center in the primate brain. It is responsible for processing information related to the direction and speed of moving objects. Area V1 and V2 are responsible for processing visual information such as color and shape, but not specifically motion.

Question 18

The aperture problem can be solved by neurons in area that receive inputs from multiple neurons in area .
A)MT;V1
B)V1;MT
C)MT;V4

Accepted Answer

The aperture problem, which involves understanding the direction of motion of an object when only a portion of it is visible, can be solved by neurons in area MT (middle temporal) that receive inputs from multiple neurons in area V1 (primary visual cortex). This integration allows for a more accurate perception of motion direction.

Question 19

The neural circuit to explain motion aftereffects would require that the M_L neuron______________ while the M_R neuron . A)responds strongly;fires at its baseline rate B)responds weakly;fires at its baseline rate C)receive no stimulation;receives some stimulation

Accepted Answer

The neural circuit explaining motion aftereffects involves neurons that adapt to motion in specific directions. The M_L neuron, which has adapted to motion in one direction, would respond strongly when stimulated in its preferred direction, while the M_R neuron, representing the opposite direction, would fire at its baseline rate due to lack of or reduced stimulation in its preferred direction. This differential response underlies the perception of motion aftereffects.

Question 20

The waterfall illusion is an example of
A)motion perception.
B)motion aftereffect.
C)the Ponzo illusion.

Accepted Answer

The waterfall illusion is a type of motion aftereffect where, after staring at a moving object like a waterfall, stationary objects appear to move in the opposite direction.

Quiz 7: Perceiving Motion and Perception for Action

Research by Salzman et al.(1992) used microstimulation to demonstrate that motion perception

Movshon et al.(1985) studied "plaid" displays,using the with two superimposed sets of moving stripes,and found is consistent with the idea that MT neurons can combine the responses of V1 neurons and/or other MT neurons.

______________ can occur with two different stimuli carefully separated by time and location.

______________ tuning is determined by whether a delay is built into the transmission of signals from Neuron 1 and Neuron 2,while tuning is determined by the length of the delay.

The apparent motion quartet

The area of the brain most closely associated with the perception of biological motion is

In explaining MAE your text notes that the concept of motion contrast is similar to

Newsome et al.(1989) ,using the coherence of motion technique to study monkeys' perception of motion,found that

Piecewise rigidity

Movshon et al.(1985) studied the combination-of-motions effect using two superimposed sets of moving stripes.Their findings are consistent with the idea that MT neurons can combine the responses of V1 neurons.

With a(n) display,the viewer can distinguish a runner from a dancer or a man from a woman.

Newsome et al.(1989) used the coherence of motion technique to study monkeys' perception of motion.When comparing the results of single-cell recordings from area MT with the monkeys' judgments they found that

Compared to neurons in area V1,neurons in area MT

A(n) is a display in which a grid is filled with tiny,randomly placed black and white square dots such that shape can be determined without accompanying changes in color,brightness,depth,or texture.

The factor that strongly influences whether the dots in the apparent motion quartet appear to move vertically or horizontally is related to the Gestalt principle of

Beckers and Zeki (1995) used transcranial stimulation to temporarily deactivate area MT during the presentation of a moving-dot stimulus and found that the perception of

The critical motion center in the primate brain is

The aperture problem can be solved by neurons in area that receive inputs from multiple neurons in area .

The neural circuit to explain motion aftereffects would require that the M_L neuron______________ while the M_R neuron .

The waterfall illusion is an example of