Question 1

Shafts of hair are comprised of

Accepted Answer

Shafts of hair are comprised of dead keratinized epidermal cells.

Question 2

Modified and specialized sweat glands that produce milk are called ________ glands.

Accepted Answer

The specialized sweat glands that produce milk are called mammary glands, making choice (E) the correct answer. Ceruminous glands produce earwax, apocrine sweat glands produce a thicker form of sweat in certain areas of the body, sebaceous glands produce oil for skin and hair, and merocrine sweat glands produce a thin, watery sweat all over the body.

Question 3

Merocrine sweat glands

Accepted Answer

Merocrine sweat glands are most numerous on the palms and soles, but are present throughout the body. They respond primarily to elevated body temperature, and play an important role in the regulation of body temperature through sweating. They are not specific to times of stress and are not dependent on the presence of hair.

Question 4

When the arrector pili muscles contract,

Accepted Answer

The contraction of the arrector pili muscles causes the hair follicle to stand upright, resulting in the appearance of "goose bumps" on the skin.

Question 5

The function of the arrector pili is

Accepted Answer

The function of the arrector pili is to contract and pull on the hair follicle, causing hair to stand upright, and potentially creating insulation or a defensive physical reaction.

Question 6

A hair shaft is composed of

Accepted Answer

A hair shaft is primarily composed of a protein called keratin. Melanin and carotene give hair its color, but they are not the primary components of the hair shaft. Starch and lipid have no significant role in the composition of hair.

Question 7

The condition that results from clogged sebaceous glands is

Accepted Answer

Acne is caused by clogged pores in the skin, often by excess sebum production and dead skin cells. The sebaceous glands become blocked by this mixture, leading to the development of whiteheads, blackheads, pimples, or cysts. While boils and carbuncles are also caused by bacterial infections, they occur deeper in the skin and are not specifically related to clogged sebaceous glands. Blisters are caused by friction or burns, and freckles are simply pigmentation variations in the skin.

Question 8

The ________ is associated with the puckering of skin and the pulling of the hair follicle.

Accepted Answer

The arrector pili muscle is responsible for the puckering of skin and the pulling of hair follicle.

Question 9

You have been severely burned on the right arm in a house fire, but you are now recovering. The second- and third-degree burns have destroyed the epidermis and dermis of your arm. Predict the long-term consequences of this burn.

Accepted Answer

The destruction of the epidermis and dermis means that hair follicles, which are located in the dermis, are also destroyed. This results in no hair growth in the damaged skin area.

Question 10

The lipid in oil glands is released through which type of secretion?

Accepted Answer

The release of lipids from oil glands occurs through a type of secretion called holocrine secretion. In this process, the entire cell containing the lipid content disintegrates and is released into the duct, causing the cell to die in the process.

Question 11

The walls of each hair follicle contain all the cell layers found in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Hair follicles are located within the epidermis and their walls contain all the cell layers found in the epidermis.

Question 12

There is a connective tissue layer protecting the hair shaft, marked as structure

Accepted Answer

The answer of There is a connective tissue layer protecting...

Question 13

The glands that begin discharging a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion at puberty are called ________ glands.

Accepted Answer

The description matches that of apocrine glands, which secrete a thick, cloudy, and potentially odorous substance during puberty.

Question 14

Hair is formed by the repeated divisions of epithelial stem cells in which structure?

Accepted Answer

Hair is formed by the repeated divisions of epithelial stem cells in the hair matrix, located at the base of the hair root. The cuticle, medulla, and cortex are all structures that make up the hair, but they are not directly involved in the formation of new hair cells.

Question 15

The function of the secretion of a sebaceous gland is

Accepted Answer

The main function of the secretion of a sebaceous gland is to lubricate the skin and hair, helping to prevent water loss and keeping the skin soft and supple.

Question 16

Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

A hair shaft is made of different types and densities of keratin, such as hard and compacted keratin in the outer layers and softer keratin in the inner layers. Choice A is false as expensive hair products may contain ingredients that can improve the appearance or health of hair but cannot directly affect mitotic growth of hair cells. Choice C is false as hair growth cycles can vary depending on factors such as genetics, age, and health status. Choice D is false as melanin is the major pigment that colors hair. Choice E is false as some degree of hair loss is normal and can be attributed to natural shedding or aging.

Question 17

In other mammals, the ________ glands function as scent glands, providing an important form of communication.

Accepted Answer

Apocrine glands are specialized sweat glands that secrete an odorless fluid containing proteins and lipids. Bacteria on the skin break down these molecules, creating a distinctive scent that can serve as a form of communication between individuals of the same species. Apocrine glands are found in the armpits, groin, and nipples of both men and women, as well as in other mammals.

Question 18

Through which mechanism does perspiration function in cooling the body?

Accepted Answer

Perspiration functions in cooling the body through evaporation. As sweat evaporates from the skin surface, it takes heat with it, thus cooling the body.

Question 19

The hair papilla, structure A, consists of

Accepted Answer

The hair papilla consists of blood vessels and nerves, which supply nutrients and signals to the hair follicle. Adipose tissue, keratin, collagen, and skeletal muscle are not typically found in the hair papilla.

Question 20

Glands that are located in the passageway of the external ear are called ________ glands.

Accepted Answer

Ceruminous glands are specialized sweat glands located in the external ear canal that produce a waxy substance called cerumen (earwax). The cerumen helps to protect the ear by trapping dirt and preventing the growth of harmful microorganisms.

Quiz 5: The Integumentary System