Question 1

The ________ is the vessel from which venous blood samples are typically collected.

Accepted Answer

The median cubital vein is the best choice for collecting venous blood samples as it is easily accessible and does not tend to roll or move during the procedure. It is also relatively large, making it easier to insert the needle and collect an adequate sample.

Question 2

Surgeons often use segments of the ________ as a bypass vessel during coronary bypass surgery.

Accepted Answer

The great saphenous vein is often used as a bypass vessel during coronary bypass surgery. It is a large vein that runs from the foot to the groin and is easily accessible for harvest during surgery.

Question 3

Which of the following is a short-circuit that exists between the pulmonary and aortic trunks in the fetus?

Accepted Answer

The short-circuit between the pulmonary and aortic trunks in the fetus is known as the ductus arteriosus. It allows blood to bypass the non-functioning fetal lungs and flow directly to the body. After birth, the ductus arteriosus normally closes and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum.

Question 4

Considering the arterial supply to the brain, the basilar artery immediately gives rise to the ________ arteries.

Accepted Answer

The basilar artery, which is formed by the fusion of the vertebral arteries, gives rise to the posterior cerebral arteries.

Question 5

The internal iliac artery supplies the

Accepted Answer

The internal iliac artery supplies the smaller arteries of the pelvis. The lower limb is supplied by the external iliac artery, the spinal cord and the abdominal wall are supplied by the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries respectively, the adrenal glands are supplied by the renal arteries, and the kidneys are supplied by the renal arteries.

Question 6

The strong pulse that is felt by pressing gently along either side of the trachea usually indicates the location of the

Accepted Answer

The external carotid artery runs along the side of the trachea and can be felt as a strong pulse when gently pressed. The internal carotid artery is located deeper and cannot be felt with external pressure. The vertebral artery is located at the base of the skull, and the vertebral vein is not located in this area. The cephalic vein runs along the arm and is not located in the neck area where the trachea is.

Question 7

The protruding bellies associated with malnourished children are due to edema in the abdominal cavity, which is particularly distensible. Explain the connection between malnourishment and such an edema.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The protruding bellies associated with malnourished children...

Question 8

Supply the name of the missing vein in this sequence: axillary vein, subclavian vein,

Accepted Answer

The axillary vein drains into the subclavian vein, which then merges with the internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein. Therefore, the missing vein in this sequence is the brachiocephalic vein (E).

Question 9

The phrenic arteries

Accepted Answer

The phrenic arteries deliver blood to the diaphragm, which is their primary function.

Question 10

At the ankle, the anterior tibial artery becomes the ________ artery.

Accepted Answer

At the ankle, the anterior tibial artery continues onto the dorsum (top) of the foot and becomes the dorsalis pedis artery.

Question 11

The palmar venous arches drain into the ________, which is superficial and runs along the medial upper limb.

Accepted Answer

The basilic vein is a superficial vein that runs along the medial upper limb and receives blood from the palmar venous arches. The digital veins drain the fingers, the cephalic vein is located on the lateral aspect of the upper limb, the axillary vein is located in the axilla, and the brachial vein drains the deep tissues of the upper limb.

Question 12

Which age-related change is defined as the formation of a stationary blood clot?

Accepted Answer

Thrombus is the formation of a stationary blood clot, which can occur more frequently with increasing age due to changes in the blood vessels and blood flow patterns. Aneurysm and atherosclerotic plaques are both related to changes in blood vessel structure and can contribute to the formation of thrombi. Pulmonary embolism and myocardial infarction are complications that can arise from a thrombus that dislodges and travels to the lungs or heart, respectively.

Question 13

In a fetus, blood from the right atrium can flow freely to the left atrium through the ________, thus bypassing the pulmonary circuit.

Accepted Answer

The foramen ovale is a shunt in the fetal heart that allows blood to bypass the pulmonary circuit by allowing blood from the right atrium to flow directly to the left atrium.

Question 14

Which of the following is a remnant of a short, muscular blood vessel that existed in the fetus?

Accepted Answer

The ligamentum arteriosum is a remnant of the ductus arteriosus, which is a short, muscular blood vessel that existed in the fetus. During fetal development, the ductus arteriosus allows blood to bypass the non-functioning lungs and travel directly to the aorta. After birth, the ductus arteriosus closes up and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum.

Question 15

Emanating from the descending thoracic aorta, the vessels that supply blood to the vertebral column area and the body wall are called the

Accepted Answer

The intercostal arteries arise from the descending thoracic aorta and supply blood to the vertebral column and the body wall, including the muscles and skin of the thorax. The superior mesenteric arteries supply blood to the small intestine and part of the large intestine, the basilar arteries supply blood to the brainstem, the inferior mesenteric arteries supply blood to the rectum and part of the large intestine, and the vertebral arteries supply blood to the brainstem and cerebellum.

Question 16

Vertebral veins

Accepted Answer

The vertebral veins drain the posterior surface of the skull and descend within the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae.

Question 17

The distribution of arteries and veins on the left and right sides of the body is usually identical. One notable exception is the ________ vein.

Accepted Answer

The azygous vein is located on the right side of the body only and does not have a corresponding vein on the left side. It runs vertically along the thoracic vertebral column and is responsible for draining the posterior intercostal veins.

Question 18

Regarding the placental blood supply, blood that bypasses the liver capillaries reaches the inferior vena cava within the

Accepted Answer

Blood that bypasses the liver capillaries enters the fetal circulation through the umbilical vein and travels to the liver where some of the blood passes through the liver capillaries and the rest passes through the ductus venosus, which connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava. Therefore, the correct choice is E.

Question 19

On their way toward the liver, veins from the spleen, the lateral border of the stomach, and the pancreas fuse with the inferior mesenteric veins, forming the

Accepted Answer

The fusion of veins from the spleen, stomach, and pancreas with the inferior mesenteric veins forms the splenic vein, which then leads to the liver.

Question 20

Most of the blood leaving the brain passes through one of the dural sinuses and leaves the skull in one of the ________, descending parallel to the common carotid artery in the neck.

Accepted Answer

The internal jugular veins receive most of the blood from the brain and exit the skull through the jugular foramen, descending parallel to the common carotid artery in the neck.

Quiz 13: The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation