Question 1

Which hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete hormones?
A) Growth hormone
B) ADH
C) ACTH
D) Cortisone
E) Secretin

Accepted Answer

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) is produced and secreted by the pituitary gland, and it stimulates the adrenal cortex to release its hormones, including cortisol, aldosterone, and DHEA.

Question 2

Insulin deficiency or resistance leads to hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis:
A) Graves disease
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Cushing syndrome
D) Acromegaly
E) Myxedema

Accepted Answer

Insulin deficiency or resistance is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus, which can lead to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels) and ketoacidosis (buildup of ketones in the blood). The other options listed do not typically involve insulin disorders and are not directly related to hyperglycemia or ketoacidosis.

Question 3

Which is a description of tetany?
A) Constant muscle contraction
B) Increased bone growth
C) Hypercalcemia
D) Hypokalemia
E) Hypernatremia

Accepted Answer

Tetany is a condition characterized by constant muscle contraction. It can be caused by low levels of calcium or magnesium in the blood.

Question 4

What is another name for the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
A) Hypophysis
B) Hypothalamus
C) Adenohypophysis
D) Neurohypophysis
E) Thalamus

Accepted Answer

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is also known as the adenohypophysis.

Question 5

Which is an element that is present in thyroxine?
A) Iron
B) Calcium
C) Vitamin D
D) Glucose
E) Iodine

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine (T4) contains four iodine atoms, making iodine the correct answer. Iron, calcium, vitamin D, and glucose are not present in thyroxine.

Question 6

Thyrotoxicosis; hypersecretion of the thyroid gland:
A) Graves disease
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Cushing syndrome
D) Acromegaly
E) Myxedema

Accepted Answer

Thyrotoxicosis is primarily associated with Graves disease, which is an autoimmune disorder that results in hyperthyroidism due to the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins. The other options listed are not directly related to or caused by hypersecretion of the thyroid gland.

Question 7

Advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood:
A) Graves disease
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Cushing syndrome
D) Acromegaly
E) Myxedema

Accepted Answer

Advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood is also known as myxedema. Graves disease is a form of hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism. Diabetes mellitus, Cushing syndrome, and acromegaly are not related to hypothyroidism.

Question 8

What is the term for excessive development of mammary tissue in a male?
A) Homeostasis
B) Hypogonadism
C) Galactorrhea
D) Gynecomastia
E) Hypernatremia

Accepted Answer

Gynecomastia is the term for excessive development of mammary tissue in a male.

Question 9

Which hormone regulates calcium in the blood and bones?
A) Parathyroid hormone
B) Thyroxine
C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
D) Prolactin
E) Prostaglandins

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone is produced by the parathyroid gland and regulates calcium levels in the blood and bones. It increases calcium levels in the blood by stimulating the release of calcium from bones and decreasing calcium excretion by the kidneys.

Question 10

Which is an example of an electrolyte?
A) Insulin
B) Sodium
C) Renin
D) Glucagon
E) Steroid

Accepted Answer

Sodium is an electrolyte because it carries an electric charge and can conduct electricity in a solution. Insulin, Renin, Glucagon, and steroids are not electrolytes.

Question 11

Kal/i is a combining form for which substance?
A) Phosphorus
B) Sodium
C) Calcium
D) Milk
E) Potassium

Accepted Answer

"Kal/i" is a combining form for potassium.

Question 12

A group of symptoms produced by excess of cortisol from the adrenal cortex:
A) Graves disease
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Cushing syndrome
D) Acromegaly
E) Myxedema

Accepted Answer

The group of symptoms described in the question is characteristic of Cushing syndrome, which is caused by excess of cortisol secretion from the adrenal cortex. Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland and leads to hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels, acromegaly is a hormonal disorder caused by excess growth hormone secretion, and myxedema is a hypothyroid condition caused by decreased secretion of thyroid hormones.

Question 13

Which is a hormone secreted by the ovary and adrenal cortex?
A) Follicle-stimulating hormone
B) Luteinizing hormone
C) Androgen
D) Estrogen
E) Oxytocin

Accepted Answer

Estrogen is a hormone secreted by the ovaries and, to a lesser extent, by the adrenal cortex.

Question 14

Which of the following secretes cortisol?
A) Testes
B) Ovaries
C) Adrenal medulla
D) Adrenal cortex
E) Pituitary gland

Accepted Answer

Cortisol is secreted by the adrenal cortex. The testes primarily secrete testosterone, the ovaries primarily secrete estrogen and progesterone, the adrenal medulla primarily secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine, and the pituitary gland primarily secretes various hormones that regulate other endocrine glands.

Question 15

Post-puberty hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland:
A) Graves disease
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Cushing syndrome
D) Acromegaly
E) Myxedema

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly is characterized by the hypersecretion of growth hormone after puberty, resulting in enlarged bones, soft tissue growth, and organ enlargement. Graves disease is characterized by hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus is a disorder of glucose metabolism, Cushing syndrome involves excess secretion of cortisol, and myxedema is caused by hypothyroidism. None of these conditions are directly related to hypersecretion of growth hormone.

Question 16

Exophthalmos is a symptom of which endocrine disorder?
A) Endemic goiter
B) Thyroid carcinoma
C) Graves disease
D) Nodular goiter
E) Pituitary gland hypertrophy

Accepted Answer

Exophthalmos, or protrusion of the eyeballs, is a classic symptom of Graves disease, which is a type of autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland. This condition leads to hyperthyroidism, which can cause a variety of symptoms including weight loss, sweating, tremors, and rapid heartbeat. Nodular goiter, endemic goiter, and thyroid carcinoma may also cause thyroid gland enlargement, but they do not typically cause exophthalmos. Pituitary gland hypertrophy may cause other symptoms, but not exophthalmos.

Question 17

Which is a description of gonadotropins?
A) Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
B) Stimulate the growth of long bones
C) Stimulate glucose uptake in cells
D) Secreted by the testes
E) Stimulate the secretion of milk

Accepted Answer

Gonadotropins are hormones that are secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. They include follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which are important for reproductive function.

Question 18

Which is a function of the thyroid gland?
A) Secretes immunologic substances
B) Secretes thymosin
C) Secretes corticosteroids
D) Secretes thyroid-stimulating hormone
E) Secretes thyroxine

Accepted Answer

The thyroid gland secretes thyroxine (also known as T4), which is responsible for regulating metabolism in the body.

Question 19

Which term means enlargement of the thyroid gland?
A) Hypergonadism
B) Euthyroid
C) Goiter
D) Hypophyseal enlargement
E) Tetany

Accepted Answer

Goiter is the term used to describe enlargement of the thyroid gland.

Question 20

Which is a hormone secreted by the pancreas?
A) Estrogen
B) Insulin
C) Vasopressin
D) Epinephrine
E) Glucose

Accepted Answer

Insulin is a hormone that is secreted by the pancreas. It helps regulate glucose levels in the blood by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy production or storage. Estrogen is a hormone secreted by the ovaries in females, vasopressin is a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland, and epinephrine is a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands. Glucose is a type of sugar that is present in the blood and used as an energy source by cells.

Quiz 18: A: Endocrine System

Which hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete hormones?

Insulin deficiency or resistance leads to hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis:

Which is a description of tetany?

What is another name for the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

Which is an element that is present in thyroxine?

Thyrotoxicosis; hypersecretion of the thyroid gland:

Advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood:

What is the term for excessive development of mammary tissue in a male?

Which hormone regulates calcium in the blood and bones?

Which is an example of an electrolyte?

Kal/i is a combining form for which substance?

A group of symptoms produced by excess of cortisol from the adrenal cortex:

Which is a hormone secreted by the ovary and adrenal cortex?

Which of the following secretes cortisol?

Post-puberty hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland:

Exophthalmos is a symptom of which endocrine disorder?

Which is a description of gonadotropins?

Which is a function of the thyroid gland?

Which term means enlargement of the thyroid gland?

Which is a hormone secreted by the pancreas?