Question 1

Cubans were shocked by revelations about the "Ochoa affair." What was the Ochoa affair?

Accepted Answer

The "Ochoa affair" refers to the arrest and execution of Cuban general Arnaldo Ochoa and three other high-ranking military officials in 1989 for their involvement in drug trafficking. The scandal shocked the Cuban people, as Ochoa was a popular and respected figure in the country's military.

Question 2

Charles Tilly argued that for a revolutionary movement to win power it must first establish themselves as "an alternate sovereignty." What does that mean?

Accepted Answer

Establishing "an alternate sovereignty" means convincing potential supporters that the revolutionary movement can function as a viable alternative government, capable of providing governance and authority.

Question 3

Which one of these was NOT a positive accomplishment of several major revolutions in the developing world?

Accepted Answer

While several major revolutions in the developing world did achieve positive accomplishments, improving China's relations with the U.S. was not one of them. In fact, the U.S. was often viewed as a major antagonist in many of these revolutions, particularly during the Cold War.

Question 4

Which of the following has been a major accomplishment of most leftist revolutions?

Accepted Answer

Leftist revolutions often focus on redistributing wealth and power, which can open up new opportunities for upward mobility among peasants and workers by breaking down existing social and economic barriers.

Question 5

Although different types of peasants-wage laborers,sharecroppers,squatters,and smallholders-are likely to join rebellions or revolutions,they all have something in common.What is that?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Although different types of peasants-wage laborers,sharecroppers,squatters,and smallholders-are...

Question 6

The 20^th century's age of leftist revolutions

Accepted Answer

The statement mentions that the leftist revolutions lost steam with the collapse of Soviet bloc communism and the introduction of capitalist economic measures in China and Vietnam. Therefore, it can be concluded that the age of leftist revolutions has lost its strength in the 21st century. None of the other options are mentioned or implied in the statement.

Question 7

Classical Marxist theory (and Marx himself)believed that the first communist revolutions would take place in

Accepted Answer

Classical Marxist theory believed that the communist revolutions would take place in the developed capitalist nations like Britain, Germany, and the United States, where the proletariat class was most concentrated and developed. Marx believed that the contradictions and conflicts within the capitalist system would eventually lead to the overthrow of the capitalist class by the working class, resulting in the establishment of a socialist or communist society.

Question 8

Which of the following sectors often provides key leadership for the revolutionary cause?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following sectors often provides...

Question 9

So-called "elite revolutions" (revolutions from above)are usually led by

Accepted Answer

Reform-oriented military officers are typically the leaders of elite revolutions.

Question 10

Which of the following "revolutions" fails to meet the definition of revolution offered by Theda Skocpol and many other major scholars?

Accepted Answer

The American Revolution may not fit the definition of revolution offered by Theda Skocpol and other major scholars because it did not involve widespread social or economic upheaval and did not result in a complete transformation of the social and political system. Instead, the American Revolution can be seen more as a political rebellion against the British crown, rather than a true revolution in the sense of a complete overhaul of the existing social order.

Question 11

Unlike Karl Marx,Mao Zedong

Accepted Answer

Mao Zedong believed that the peasantry, rather than the urban proletariat, was China's primary revolutionary force. He focused on mobilizing the poor peasants to overthrow the existing order and establish a socialist state. This was a departure from Marx's emphasis on the industrial working class as the key revolutionary force.

Question 12

Theda Skocpol argued that the most important element causing a revolution to succeed is

Accepted Answer

Theda Skocpol's theory of revolution emphasizes the significance of structural weaknesses in a state, particularly those caused by war and financial crises, which lead to the decay of the old regime and create conditions conducive to revolution.

Question 13

In the view of advocates and supporters of Third World revolutions,which one of the following choices was NOT one of the promised outcomes that attracted them to revolutions?

Accepted Answer

While reducing ethnic conflict may be a desirable outcome, it is not typically listed as one of the primary goals of Third World revolutions. The other choices, however, are often cited as reasons why advocates and supporters of these revolutions are attracted to them. They believe that revolutions can help to end dependency on external powers, transform political cultures by promoting democracy and participatory government, mobilize populations to take an active role in politics and society, and promote economic growth and development.

Question 14

James Scott talks of the collapse of the "moral economy" that often breaks down prior to a revolution.What is a moral economy?

Accepted Answer

A moral economy refers to the web of mutual obligations and duties that tied peasants to landlords in pre-capitalist rural society. It was characterized by traditional norms of fairness and reciprocity, which formed the basis for economic transactions and relations. The collapse of the moral economy occurs when such norms break down or are violated, leading to economic grievances and often serving as a precursor to revolutionary movements.

Question 15

What is a major factor that convinces many peasants to join a revolution?

Accepted Answer

The collapse of the moral economy, in which landlords and peasants had certain reciprocal obligations towards one another, often due to traditional customs and beliefs, can lead to a breakdown in trust and an increase in resentment among the peasantry. This can make them more receptive to revolutionary ideas that promise to help overturn the existing social order and redistribute power and resources.

Question 16

What failure of pre-revolutionary governments often leads to their overthrow by revolutionary forces?

Accepted Answer

A significant factor that often leads to the overthrow of pre-revolutionary governments is their defeat or weakening in a war. This can result in a loss of legitimacy and confidence from the population, making it easier for revolutionary forces to gain support and overthrow the existing government.

Question 17

What was the Arab Spring?

Accepted Answer

The Arab Spring refers to a series of pro-democracy uprisings that began in late 2010 and spread throughout the Arab world, including Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Syria, and Bahrain, among others. People took to the streets to protest against their authoritarian governments and demand political, economic, and social reforms. The Arab Spring was fueled by factors such as political repression, corruption, poor socioeconomic conditions, and a lack of political freedoms, among others. The movement led to significant political changes in some countries but also resulted in conflicts and upheavals in others.

Question 18

Which country's revolution caused the death of many thousands of its own people?

Accepted Answer

The revolution in Cambodia, led by the Khmer Rouge, caused the death of approximately 1.5 to 2 million people through execution, forced labor, and starvation. This period of history is known as the Cambodian Genocide. While other countries listed have also experienced revolutions with casualties, none have seen the same scale of violence and death as Cambodia.

Question 19

Which of these is a common failure of most revolutionary governments?

Accepted Answer

In many cases, revolutionary governments start out with high ideals and a strong sense of purpose. However, as time passes, party and government officials may become corrupt and begin to prioritize their own interests over the common good. This can result in a loss of public trust and disillusionment with the government, ultimately undermining the revolutionary goals.

Question 20

Which theory indicates that revolutions and rebellions often take place when an extended period of economic growth is followed by an economic downturn?

Accepted Answer

Davies' J-curve theory suggests that revolutions and rebellions are more likely to occur when there is a period of economic growth followed by a sudden economic downturn. The J-shaped curve represents the gap between rising expectations during the period of economic growth and the reality of the downturn, leading to feelings of relative deprivation and potential for collective action.

Quiz 7: Revolutionary Change

Cubans were shocked by revelations about the "Ochoa affair." What was the Ochoa affair?

Charles Tilly argued that for a revolutionary movement to win power it must first establish themselves as "an alternate sovereignty." What does that mean?

Which one of these was NOT a positive accomplishment of several major revolutions in the developing world?

Which of the following has been a major accomplishment of most leftist revolutions?

Although different types of peasants-wage laborers,sharecroppers,squatters,and smallholders-are likely to join rebellions or revolutions,they all have something in common.What is that?

The 20^th century's age of leftist revolutions

Classical Marxist theory (and Marx himself) believed that the first communist revolutions would take place in

Which of the following sectors often provides key leadership for the revolutionary cause?

So-called "elite revolutions" (revolutions from above) are usually led by

Which of the following "revolutions" fails to meet the definition of revolution offered by Theda Skocpol and many other major scholars?

Unlike Karl Marx,Mao Zedong

Theda Skocpol argued that the most important element causing a revolution to succeed is

In the view of advocates and supporters of Third World revolutions,which one of the following choices was NOT one of the promised outcomes that attracted them to revolutions?

James Scott talks of the collapse of the "moral economy" that often breaks down prior to a revolution.What is a moral economy?

What is a major factor that convinces many peasants to join a revolution?

What failure of pre-revolutionary governments often leads to their overthrow by revolutionary forces?

What was the Arab Spring?

Which country's revolution caused the death of many thousands of its own people?

Which of these is a common failure of most revolutionary governments?

Which theory indicates that revolutions and rebellions often take place when an extended period of economic growth is followed by an economic downturn?

Quiz 7: Revolutionary Change

Cubans were shocked by revelations about the "Ochoa affair." What was the Ochoa affair?

Charles Tilly argued that for a revolutionary movement to win power it must first establish themselves as "an alternate sovereignty." What does that mean?

Which one of these was NOT a positive accomplishment of several major revolutions in the developing world?

Which of the following has been a major accomplishment of most leftist revolutions?

Although different types of peasants-wage laborers,sharecroppers,squatters,and smallholders-are likely to join rebellions or revolutions,they all have something in common.What is that?

The 20th century's age of leftist revolutions

Classical Marxist theory (and Marx himself) believed that the first communist revolutions would take place in

Which of the following sectors often provides key leadership for the revolutionary cause?

So-called "elite revolutions" (revolutions from above) are usually led by

Which of the following "revolutions" fails to meet the definition of revolution offered by Theda Skocpol and many other major scholars?

Unlike Karl Marx,Mao Zedong

Theda Skocpol argued that the most important element causing a revolution to succeed is

In the view of advocates and supporters of Third World revolutions,which one of the following choices was NOT one of the promised outcomes that attracted them to revolutions?

James Scott talks of the collapse of the "moral economy" that often breaks down prior to a revolution.What is a moral economy?

What is a major factor that convinces many peasants to join a revolution?

What failure of pre-revolutionary governments often leads to their overthrow by revolutionary forces?

What was the Arab Spring?

Which country's revolution caused the death of many thousands of its own people?

Which of these is a common failure of most revolutionary governments?

Which theory indicates that revolutions and rebellions often take place when an extended period of economic growth is followed by an economic downturn?

The 20^th century's age of leftist revolutions