Question 1

The use of a selection of newspaper articles on racial discrimination as a unit of analysis would be an example of:
A)social artifact
B)individuals
C)groups
D)organizations
E)populations

Accepted Answer

The use of newspaper articles on racial discrimination as a unit of analysis is an example of a social artifact, as it represents a cultural product produced by society and reflects societal attitudes and beliefs towards racial discrimination.

Question 2

Dr.Smith is conducting research by spending time and participating in a new Internet community in order to learn more about what they do and why they do it.Dr.Smith is conducting explanatory research.

Accepted Answer

Explanatory research is conducted to gain understanding of why and how things happen. In this case, Dr.Smith is trying to understand why the new Internet community does what they do, which falls under explanatory research.

Question 3

A research proposal describes what you intend to accomplish and how.

Accepted Answer

A research proposal outlines the goals and objectives of a research project, as well as the methods and resources needed to achieve those objectives.

Question 4

Professor Sheckler is looking to study the career trajectories of a specific group of college students,following the same individuals through their senior year and then five years afterward.What form of research methodology would he be using?
A)panel study
B)cross-sectional study
C)cohort study
D)trend study
E)experimental study

Accepted Answer

A panel study involves following the same group of individuals over a period of time to observe changes and developments, which aligns with Professor Sheckler's research plan.

Question 5

A single U.S.Census is a:
A)cross-sectional study
B)panel study
C)time series study
D)trend study
E)longitudinal study

Accepted Answer

A U.S. Census is a cross-sectional study as it collects data from a specific point in time and provides a snapshot of the population characteristics at that moment. It does not track changes or follow individuals over time, which would be characteristics of other types of studies such as longitudinal or panel studies.

Question 6

Research designs are descriptive,explanatory,or exploratory-never more than one.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research designs are descriptive,explanatory,or exploratory-never more than...

Question 7

The independent variable must occur later in time than the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

This statement is incorrect. The opposite is true - the independent variable should occur before the dependent variable. This is because the independent variable is the cause or predictor variable, which is manipulated by the researcher, while the dependent variable is the outcome or response variable, which is measured. The independent variable is changed before the dependent variable is observed, so that any changes in the dependent variable can be attributed to the manipulation of the independent variable.

Question 8

Descriptive research answers the question "What's so?" and explanatory research answers the question "Why?"

Accepted Answer

Descriptive research focuses on describing a phenomenon or situation, while explanatory research aims to identify the reasons or causes behind the phenomenon. Therefore, the former answers "What's so?" while the latter answers "Why?"

Question 9

Researchers ignore previous work on a topic so that their research can be original.

Accepted Answer

Researchers typically review previous work on a topic as part of the literature review process in order to build upon and contribute to existing knowledge. Ignoring previous work can result in duplicating research or overlooking important findings. Therefore, originality in research does not necessarily mean completely disregarding previous work.

Question 10

One exception disproves a nomothetic causal explanation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One exception disproves a nomothetic causal explanation....

Question 11

Panel attrition is comparable to experimental mortality.

Accepted Answer

Panel attrition refers to the loss of participants from a panel study over time, which is similar to experimental mortality, which is the loss of participants in an experiment. Both can impact the representativeness of the sample and the generalizability of the results.

Question 12

Two variables that are highly correlated by definition have a casual relationship.

Accepted Answer

Just because two variables are highly correlated does not necessarily mean that one variable causes the other. Correlation does not imply causation. There may be other factors influencing both variables or a reverse causation may be possible.

Question 13

A good exploratory research study removes the need to conduct explanatory studies on the same topic.

Accepted Answer

Exploratory research is typically used to generate initial insights and hypotheses about a topic, which can then be further tested and explained through explanatory research. Therefore, a good exploratory study may lead to the need for additional explanatory research on the same topic.

Question 14

Explanatory studies are designed to find answers to which of the following questions?
A)What is the educational profile of people who change careers in midlife?
B)Why are people changing careers in midlife?
C)How many people change careers in midlife?
D)Does the occupational prestige of a career tend to increase for midlife career changers?
E)All of these choices are questions that an explanatory study is designed to examine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explanatory studies are designed to find answers...

Question 15

Professor Stone designs a study to examine the effect of a teenage pregnancy on the career choices of the teens.Stone interviews a sample of teenage women
During their pregnancy,after the birth,and one year later.Stone is using a:
A)cross sectional design
B)trend study
C)cohort study
D)panel study
E)cannot tell from the given information

Accepted Answer

A panel study involves collecting data from the same group of individuals at multiple points in time, which is exactly what Professor Stone is doing by interviewing the same teenage women during their pregnancy, after the birth, and one year later. A cross-sectional design involves collecting data from different individuals at the same point in time, a trend study involves examining changes over time in a particular variable, and a cohort study involves following a group of individuals who share a common characteristic over time. Therefore, the best choice is a panel study (D).

Question 16

Operationalization is the process of clarifying what is meant by the concepts being used in a study.

Accepted Answer

Operationalization involves defining and specifying the concepts being studied, so that they can be measured or observed in a systematic way. This helps ensure that the study's findings are valid and reliable.

Question 17

Which of the following designs uncovers only net changes?
A)cohort and trend studies
B)trend and panel studies
C)cohort and panel studies
D)cohort and cross-sectional studies
E)trend and cross-sectional studies

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following designs uncovers only...

Question 18

The final stage of the research process is:
A)Operationalization
B)Application
C)Analysis
D)Data Processing
E)Conceptualization

Accepted Answer

The final stage of the research process is analysis. This is where the researcher examines and interprets the data collected during the study to answer the research question or hypothesis. It involves organizing, coding, and analyzing the data to draw conclusions and make recommendations. While the other stages are important in the research process, analysis is the final step that brings everything together to produce meaningful results.

Question 19

The ecological fallacy refers to drawing conclusions about individuals based solely on the observation of groups.

Accepted Answer

The ecological fallacy is a common mistake in statistics where group-level data are used to make conclusions about individual-level data. It is a mistake because individuals within a group can vary widely in their behavior, characteristics, etc. Therefore, it's not valid to generalize individual-level data from group-level data.

Question 20

A cross-sectional study is a specific type of longitudinal research.

Accepted Answer

A cross-sectional study is a type of research design that involves the collection of data at one specific point in time, while a longitudinal study involves the collection of data over an extended period of time.

Quiz 4: Research Design

The use of a selection of newspaper articles on racial discrimination as a unit of analysis would be an example of:

Dr.Smith is conducting research by spending time and participating in a new Internet community in order to learn more about what they do and why they do it.Dr.Smith is conducting explanatory research.

A research proposal describes what you intend to accomplish and how.

Professor Sheckler is looking to study the career trajectories of a specific group of college students,following the same individuals through their senior year and then five years afterward.What form of research methodology would he be using?

A single U.S.Census is a: