Joseph Connell discovered that Balanus barnacles were excluded from the upper intertidal zone by ________, while Chthalamus barnacles were excluded from the middle intertidal zone by ________.
A) competition from mussels; prolonged immersion in water
B) competition from mussels; competition with Balanus
C) prolonged exposure to air; competition with Balanus
D) prolonged exposure to air; competition with algae
E) predation by wading birds; predation by starfish

Question

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Joseph Connell discovered that Balanus barnacles were excluded from the upper intertidal zone by prolonged exposure to air, while Chthalamus barnacles were excluded from the middle intertidal zone by competition with Balanus.

Joseph Connell Discovered That Balanus Barnacles Were Excluded from the Upper