Question 1

The time it takes for a seismic wave to travel from the focus of an earthquake to a seismometer is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

The time it takes for a seismic wave to travel from the focus of an earthquake to a seismometer is commonly referred to as travel time.

Question 2

The subdiscipline of geology that investigates the Earth's physical characteristics such seismic waves,gravity,and magnetism is termed _______.

Accepted Answer

Geophysics is the subdiscipline of geology that focuses on studying the Earth's physical properties, such as seismic waves, gravity, and magnetism. Tectonics refers to the processes that shape the Earth's crust, while seismography is the study of seismic waves specifically. Mineralogy is the study of minerals and their properties. Therefore, geophysics is the best choice for this question.

Question 3

If a P-wave is traveling through the Earth and encounters a molten magma chamber,what will happen to the velocity of the P-wave?

Accepted Answer

When a P-wave enters a molten magma chamber, the velocity of the wave will decrease because the molten magma is less dense than the solid rock surrounding it. The wave will undergo refraction, which causes the wave to bend or slow down.

Question 4

What behavior will seismic waves exhibit when traveling from a lower-velocity material into a high-velocity material?

Accepted Answer

Seismic waves will bend (refract) toward the boundary when traveling from a lower-velocity material into a higher-velocity material. This is because as the waves enter the higher-velocity material, they encounter a denser medium which causes them to slow down and change direction.

Question 5

In the picture below,when the ship is filled with cargo it sinks into the water until the mass of water displaced is equal to the mass of the cargo.The ship is then said to be ________.

Accepted Answer

A ship is in isostatic equilibrium when it displaces an amount of water equal to its own weight. This means that the buoyant force acting upward is equal to the weight of the ship acting downward, resulting in stable equilibrium. When the ship is fully loaded with cargo, it sinks further into the water, displacing more water and maintaining this equilibrium.

Question 6

You are studying the seismic data from Mars when you notice that there are no S-waves recorded from 130° through 180° on the opposite side of the planet.What does this information tell you about the interior of Mars?

Accepted Answer

The absence of S-waves from 130° through 180° on the opposite side of the planet suggests the presence of a layer of liquid material in the interior of Mars. S-waves cannot propagate through liquid material, so their absence in this region suggests that seismic waves are being refracted or absorbed by such a layer.

Question 7

Using the graph below,why is the outer core liquid,but the inner core solid?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using the graph below,why is the outer...

Question 8

The graph below shows the change in velocity of seismic waves with depth in the crust.Why does the velocity of the P-wave drop drastically at the core-mantle boundary?

Accepted Answer

The outer core is liquid and seismic waves, including P-waves, travel slower in liquids than in solids. This causes a drastic drop in the velocity of P-waves at the core-mantle boundary.

Question 9

What causes the velocity of a P-wave to increase when it enters the inner core?

Accepted Answer

The density of the inner core is much greater than that of the outer core, causing the velocity of the P-wave to increase as it enters this more dense material.

Question 10

Seismic waves travel ________ in solids than in liquids; however,unlike P-waves,S-waves ________ travel through liquids.

Accepted Answer

Seismic waves travel faster in solids than in liquids, and S-waves cannot travel through liquids, unlike P-waves which can.

Question 11

In the following graph,why does the line for S-waves NOT appear in the outer core?

Accepted Answer

S-waves can't travel through the outer core because it is liquid. S-waves can only travel through solids and are blocked by liquids. Since the outer core is composed of liquid iron, S-waves are unable to move through it. This is a key piece of evidence that suggests the outer core is indeed liquid, as opposed to solid.

Question 12

A mountain range made of high-density basalt would produce a(n)________ gravity anomaly compared to a mountain range of lower-density sedimentary rocks.

Accepted Answer

A mountain range made of high-density basalt would create a positive gravity anomaly because the higher density of the rocks would create a stronger gravitational pull compared to lower density sedimentary rocks.

Question 13

If an S-wave is traveling through rock when it encounters a molten magma chamber,what will happen to the velocity of the S-wave?

Accepted Answer

S-waves, or secondary waves, are a type of shear wave that cannot travel through liquids. When an S-wave encounters a molten magma chamber, it cannot propagate through the liquid magma and thus will not travel through it.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes how scientists study the interior of the Earth?

Accepted Answer

Scientists use a variety of methods, including seismic waves, gravity, and magnetism, to study the Earth's interior. Seismic waves are produced by earthquakes and can provide information about the Earth's layers and composition. Gravity can be used to determine the density of the Earth's interior, while magnetism can provide information about the Earth's magnetic field and the behavior of molten materials within the Earth. Deep holes are not used to access the Earth's interior for scientific study.

Question 15

The Earth's gravity is best represented by an equipotential surface that contains bumps and depressions where areas of higher or lower gravity appear over the Earth.This representation is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

The representation described in the question is called the geoid. The reference geoid is a specific model of the geoid, and is not the best choice for this question. Gravitational potential is a related concept, but it does not describe the bumps and depressions on the geoid. Isostasy refers to the balance between the lithosphere and the underlying asthenosphere, and is not directly related to the representation of Earth's gravity.

Question 16

If a ship weighs 52,000 tons and is in isostatic equilibrium when 6,000 tons of cargo is added,what is the total mass of water that will be displaced by the ship after the cargo is added?

Accepted Answer

In isostatic equilibrium, the weight of the water displaced by the ship equals the total weight of the ship and its cargo. Therefore, after adding 6,000 tons of cargo to the original 52,000 tons, the total mass of water displaced will be 58,000 tons.

Question 17

The core consists of two layers: a(n)________ inner core and a(n)________ outer core.

Accepted Answer

The inner core of the Earth is solid due to the immense pressure at the center, while the outer core is liquid. The composition of the cores is mostly iron and nickel, but the question specifically asks about the layers' physical states. Therefore, the best choice is C.

Question 18

Which layer of the Earth has the highest density?

Accepted Answer

The core has the highest density, as it is made up of mostly iron and nickel, which are highly dense elements. The crust, mantle, and atmosphere all have lower densities in comparison.

Question 19

If a S-wave is traveling through sandstone and then encounters peridotite,the S-wave will ________.

Accepted Answer

S-waves, or secondary waves, are a type of shear wave that can travel through solids but not through liquids or gases. When an S-wave travels from sandstone to peridotite, it speeds up because peridotite is denser than sandstone, and S-waves generally travel faster through denser materials.

Question 20

If a gravity anomaly is negative,what does that imply about the material underground?

Accepted Answer

A negative gravity anomaly indicates that there is less mass, and therefore less density, underground compared to the surrounding material. This can be caused by features such as caverns, sedimentary basins, or areas of fractured or porous rock.

Quiz 23: The Earth’s Interior Revisited: Insights from Geophysics

The time it takes for a seismic wave to travel from the focus of an earthquake to a seismometer is called the ________.

The subdiscipline of geology that investigates the Earth's physical characteristics such seismic waves,gravity,and magnetism is termed _______.

If a P-wave is traveling through the Earth and encounters a molten magma chamber,what will happen to the velocity of the P-wave?

What behavior will seismic waves exhibit when traveling from a lower-velocity material into a high-velocity material?

In the picture below,when the ship is filled with cargo it sinks into the water until the mass of water displaced is equal to the mass of the cargo.The ship is then said to be ________.

You are studying the seismic data from Mars when you notice that there are no S-waves recorded from 130° through 180° on the opposite side of the planet.What does this information tell you about the interior of Mars?

Using the graph below,why is the outer core liquid,but the inner core solid?

The graph below shows the change in velocity of seismic waves with depth in the crust.Why does the velocity of the P-wave drop drastically at the core-mantle boundary?

What causes the velocity of a P-wave to increase when it enters the inner core?

Seismic waves travel in solids than in liquids; however,unlike P-waves,S-waves travel through liquids.

In the following graph,why does the line for S-waves NOT appear in the outer core?

A mountain range made of high-density basalt would produce a(n) ________ gravity anomaly compared to a mountain range of lower-density sedimentary rocks.

If an S-wave is traveling through rock when it encounters a molten magma chamber,what will happen to the velocity of the S-wave?

Which of the following best describes how scientists study the interior of the Earth?

The Earth's gravity is best represented by an equipotential surface that contains bumps and depressions where areas of higher or lower gravity appear over the Earth.This representation is called the ________.

If a ship weighs 52,000 tons and is in isostatic equilibrium when 6,000 tons of cargo is added,what is the total mass of water that will be displaced by the ship after the cargo is added?

The core consists of two layers: a(n) inner core and a(n) outer core.

Which layer of the Earth has the highest density?

If a S-wave is traveling through sandstone and then encounters peridotite,the S-wave will ________.

If a gravity anomaly is negative,what does that imply about the material underground?

Quiz 23: The Earth’s Interior Revisited: Insights from Geophysics

The time it takes for a seismic wave to travel from the focus of an earthquake to a seismometer is called the ________.

The subdiscipline of geology that investigates the Earth's physical characteristics such seismic waves,gravity,and magnetism is termed _______.

If a P-wave is traveling through the Earth and encounters a molten magma chamber,what will happen to the velocity of the P-wave?

What behavior will seismic waves exhibit when traveling from a lower-velocity material into a high-velocity material?

In the picture below,when the ship is filled with cargo it sinks into the water until the mass of water displaced is equal to the mass of the cargo.The ship is then said to be ________.

You are studying the seismic data from Mars when you notice that there are no S-waves recorded from 130° through 180° on the opposite side of the planet.What does this information tell you about the interior of Mars?

Using the graph below,why is the outer core liquid,but the inner core solid?

The graph below shows the change in velocity of seismic waves with depth in the crust.Why does the velocity of the P-wave drop drastically at the core-mantle boundary?

What causes the velocity of a P-wave to increase when it enters the inner core?

Seismic waves travel ________ in solids than in liquids; however,unlike P-waves,S-waves ________ travel through liquids.

In the following graph,why does the line for S-waves NOT appear in the outer core?

A mountain range made of high-density basalt would produce a(n) ________ gravity anomaly compared to a mountain range of lower-density sedimentary rocks.

If an S-wave is traveling through rock when it encounters a molten magma chamber,what will happen to the velocity of the S-wave?

Which of the following best describes how scientists study the interior of the Earth?

The Earth's gravity is best represented by an equipotential surface that contains bumps and depressions where areas of higher or lower gravity appear over the Earth.This representation is called the ________.

If a ship weighs 52,000 tons and is in isostatic equilibrium when 6,000 tons of cargo is added,what is the total mass of water that will be displaced by the ship after the cargo is added?

The core consists of two layers: a(n) ________ inner core and a(n) ________ outer core.

Which layer of the Earth has the highest density?

If a S-wave is traveling through sandstone and then encounters peridotite,the S-wave will ________.

If a gravity anomaly is negative,what does that imply about the material underground?

Seismic waves travel in solids than in liquids; however,unlike P-waves,S-waves travel through liquids.

The core consists of two layers: a(n) inner core and a(n) outer core.