Question 1

The Tokyo Convention of 1963,the Hague Convention of 1970,and the Montreal Convention of 1971 are all examples of treaties with provisions to specifically address ______.

Accepted Answer

The Tokyo Convention of 1963, the Hague Convention of 1970, and the Montreal Convention of 1971 are all international treaties that focus on preventing and addressing hijackings of airplanes.

Question 2

U.S.citizens who are not in the military must be tried in the ______ court system.

Accepted Answer

U.S. citizens who are not in the military are subject to the criminal court system if they are being tried for a crime. The military court system only applies to members of the military. The civil court system deals with disputes between individuals or organizations, and the international court system deals with international disputes.

Question 3

What is the name of the judicial arm of the United Nations?

Accepted Answer

The judicial arm of the United Nations is the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Its main function is to settle legal disputes between states and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by the UN General Assembly, Security Council, or specialized agencies. The ICJ is composed of 15 judges elected by the UN General Assembly and Security Council for a term of 9 years. It is located at The Hague, Netherlands.

Question 4

The main goal of most groups who commit international acts of terrorism is to bring the attention of the world to ______.

Accepted Answer

The main goal of most groups who commit international acts of terrorism is to bring the attention of the world to an otherwise domestic conflict. They use violence to gain attention and create awareness of their cause, which they may believe is not receiving enough attention or support from their own government or the international community. Climate change and cyberattacks may be issues of concern, but they are not typically the primary motivations behind acts of terrorism. Diplomacy is often viewed as the solution to conflicts, rather than a benefit of terrorism.

Question 5

If a nation is designated as a state sponsor of terrorism,established sanctions include a ban on arms-related trade,restrictions on the purchase of items that could be used for military purposes,as well as ______.

Accepted Answer

When a nation is designated as a state sponsor of terrorism, economic sanctions are usually imposed. These sanctions could include restrictions on trade, finance, technology transfer, and more. Retaliatory actions, preemptive military strikes, and diplomatic immunity are not standard sanctions imposed on state sponsors of terrorism.

Question 6

What are multinational agreements between partner countries known as?

Accepted Answer

Multinational agreements between partner countries are known as international conventions.

Question 7

In 2015,the USA PATRIOT Act was superseded with modifications by ______.

Accepted Answer

In 2015, the USA PATRIOT Act was superseded with modifications by the USA FREEDOM Act.

Question 8

Which post-9/11 law greatly enhanced government surveillance,required banks to identify sources of certain monies,and allowed for greater detention and deportation of immigrants?

Accepted Answer

The USA PATRIOT Act (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act) greatly enhanced government surveillance through provisions such as the ability to conduct roving wiretaps and monitor internet and communication activity. It also required banks to identify the sources of certain monies and expanded the detention and deportation of immigrants suspected of terrorism-related activities. The other options listed did not have the same level of impact on surveillance and immigration policy.

Question 9

Which document identifies state sponsors of terrorism and foreign terrorist organizations (FTOs)?

Accepted Answer

The Country Reports on Terrorism is an annual report by the US Department of State that identifies state sponsors of terrorism and foreign terrorist organizations. The other options given do not specifically address this information.

Question 10

International conventions and treaties do not have the force of law in the United States until ______.

Accepted Answer

International conventions and treaties do not become law in the United States until Congress passes enabling legislation. This is because the Constitution gives Congress the power to regulate foreign commerce and make laws necessary and proper for carrying out the powers granted to the federal government. Thus, for a treaty to become binding law in the United States, Congress must pass legislation to implement the treaty's provisions.

Question 11

Legislation that was designed to combat terrorism has resulted in greater power for executive and administrative agencies; in response,powers have been given to the legislature by ______.

Accepted Answer

Sunset provisions and reauthorization procedures require Congress to periodically review and reapprove legislation, providing a check on the expanded powers of executive and administrative agencies. The other options do not directly address the issue of expanding powers and providing a check on those powers.

Question 12

President Clinton signed the ______ into law,which contained multiple provisions to prevent,detect,and punish acts of terrorism.

Accepted Answer

The Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act, enacted in 1996, was one of the major anti-terrorism laws signed by President Clinton, containing measures to prevent and punish acts of terrorism. The other choices were signed into law after the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001.

Question 13

In order to be designated as an FTO,a group must be a foreign organization,engage in specifically defined terrorist activity,and participate in conduct that threatens the ______.

Accepted Answer

The criteria for a group to be designated as an FTO includes engaging in specifically defined terrorist activity and participating in conduct that threatens the national defense, foreign relations, or economic interests of the United States. The other options are not part of the criteria for FTO designation.

Question 14

The modern era of international terrorism first emerged as a considerable security challenge during the ______ and ______.

Accepted Answer

The modern era of international terrorism first emerged as a considerable security challenge during the 1960s and 1970s. This period saw the rise of various terrorist groups, including the PLO and the IRA, who used violence and bombings as a means of political expression and advancing their goals. The Munich Olympics massacre in 1972 and the hijacking of commercial airlines in the late 1960s and early 1970s were some of the major incidents that highlighted the increasing threat of international terrorism.

Question 15

One of the biggest challenges for domestic lawmakers in the United States is balancing the need to pass strong antiterrorism laws with protecting ______.

Accepted Answer

When passing antiterrorism laws, it is important to ensure that constitutional rights, such as due process and freedom of speech, are not compromised. Domestic lawmakers must find a balance between protecting national security and upholding the principles enshrined in the Constitution.

Question 16

Which piece of legislation created a large,cabinet-level department dedicated to protect the United States from terrorist attacks?

Accepted Answer

The Department of Homeland Security Act, passed in 2002, created the Department of Homeland Security, a cabinet-level department specifically dedicated to protecting the United States from terrorist attacks. The other options did not create such a department. The USA PATRIOT Act was focused on enhancing law enforcement's ability to prevent and investigate terrorist activity. The USA FREEDOM Act limited some of the surveillance powers granted by the PATRIOT Act. The Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 was aimed at providing law enforcement with more tools to prevent and punish terrorism.

Question 17

What was the name of the treaty that "sought to define attacks against internationally protected persons as common crimes,regardless of motives?"

Accepted Answer

The treaty that sought to define attacks against internationally protected persons as common crimes, regardless of motives, is the Convention to Prevent and Punish Acts of Terrorism Taking the Form of Crimes Against Persons and Related Extortion. None of the other answer choices fits the description.

Question 18

Two terrorist groups who have strategically used social networking and the Internet to promote their message and recruit members are al-Qaeda and ______.

Accepted Answer

Both al-Qaeda and ISIS have utilized social networking and the internet to spread their message and recruit new members. The other options listed have also used technology to some extent, but their impact and level of strategic use are not as significant as al-Qaeda and ISIS.

Question 19

What do extradition treaties do?

Accepted Answer

Extradition treaties require parties to bind over terrorist suspects at the request of fellow signatories, facilitating international cooperation in the prosecution or punishment of individuals accused or convicted of certain crimes, including terrorism.

Question 20

Why would a government sponsor the acts of a terrorist group?

Accepted Answer

In some cases, governments may find it logistically, politically, or militarily infeasible to condemn the acts of a terrorist group, or to impose penalties on them. This may be because the group has support from influential members of the government, or because the group is operating in an area that is difficult to control. In such cases, the government may choose to sponsor the terrorist group or to turn a blind eye to their activities, in order to avoid provoking conflict or alienating key factions.

Quiz 3: The Legal Foundations of Homeland Security