If two units are actually subparts of a single larger unit,relationships may have a common origin.This could result in possible mistakes or

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This is known as Galton's problem, named after the polymath Francis Galton who first discussed the issue in his book 'Natural Inheritance' (1889). Galton's problem arises when there is a hierarchical relationship between units of analysis, where the lower level units are nested within the higher level units. In such cases, the similarity observed between lower level units may be due to their shared relationship with the higher level unit(s), rather than any true similarity between the lower level units themselves. This can lead to mistakes in statistical analysis, especially when using methods such as regression or hierarchical modeling.

If Two Units Are Actually Subparts of a Single Larger