Question 1

For convenience,most comparative researchers use what as their unit of analysis?

Accepted Answer

Most comparative researchers use nation-state as their unit of analysis for convenience. A nation-state is a political entity that possesses a centralized government and defined geographical boundaries. Comparing nation-states based on political, economic, social, or cultural factors allows researchers to identify differences and similarities between them. This approach facilitates the generalization of findings and the development of theories. Moreover, nation-states are widely recognized and provided with statistical data, which enables researchers to collect and analyze data systematically.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a type of data that researchers use alone or in combination in a study?

Accepted Answer

C

Question 3

Mr.Marsh is using secondary sources in his research.What might be a/some limitation(s)to these sources?

Accepted Answer

D  Secondary sources can sometimes contain inaccurate historical accounts due to errors in interpretation or reporting. Additionally, they may reflect the biases of the researchers who created them, which can affect the objectivity and reliability of the information.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT unique about historical-comparative research?

Accepted Answer

Lack of integration between micro and macro levels is not unique to historical-comparative research, as it can apply to other forms of research as well. Options A, B, and D are unique aspects of historical-comparative research.

Question 5

As part of Dr.Mottle's research,she is examining the interaction of a South Korean family 500 years ago.Equivalence will be an issue that she needs to consider.What type of equivalence will most probably need the LEAST consideration in the list below?

Accepted Answer

Measurement equivalence is unlikely to be a major concern in this context as the measurement instruments used 500 years ago would likely be very different from those used today. The other types of equivalence, such as lexicon, conceptual, and context, are more important to consider as they relate to the meaning and interpretation of the data collected.

Question 6

Historical-comparative research does not require a researcher to follow a fixed set of steps;however,it involves several processes that typically START with

Accepted Answer

Historical-comparative research typically starts with acquiring the necessary background to understand the context and framework of the issue being studied.

Question 7

To be classified as history,an event must have happened at least ______ years ago.

Accepted Answer

There is no universally agreed-upon number of years that must pass for an event to be classified as history. However, the choice provided here, "C) 10," is a common threshold used in various contexts to distinguish between recent events and historical ones. This threshold is somewhat arbitrary and can vary depending on the source or context.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a type of historical evidence?

Accepted Answer

Primary sources, recollections, and running records are all types of historical evidence because they provide direct information from a historical event or period. Tertiary sources, on the other hand, are sources that compile and summarize information from primary and secondary sources, making them useful for research but not considered direct evidence of historical events.

Question 9

If a researcher uses very different ways of measuring across different cultures,what type of equivalence is he using?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a researcher uses very different ways...

Question 10

Four types of types of equivalence include lexicon,conceptual,measurement,and what other type?

Accepted Answer

The fourth type of equivalence is "contextual equivalence," which refers to the degree to which a translated text is appropriate for the target language and culture's linguistic and situational contexts. This includes factors such as slang or dialect use, register, and cultural norms.

Question 11

A historian usually sees collecting highly accurate historical evidence as a central goal in itself;however,the historical-comparative researcher

Accepted Answer

The historical-comparative researcher prioritizes comparing and analyzing historical data over merely collecting it, making the collection of evidence secondary.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a similarity between H-C research and field research?

Accepted Answer

H-C research and field research both incorporate the individual researcher's point of view, focus on processes, time passage, and sequence, and use grounded theory. However, while H-C research often focuses on qualitative methods, field research can utilize both quantitative and qualitative methods.

Question 13

Imposing a researcher's own sense of order to make people's beliefs or actions consistent is a type of distortion called

Accepted Answer

Coherence imposition refers to the researcher's imposition of their own sense of order or structure on people's beliefs or actions, with the goal of making them consistent. This is a type of distortion because it can oversimplify or misrepresent the complexity and nuance of people's actual behavior and beliefs.

Question 14

Mr.Marsh is not overly concerned about processes.He is most likely conducting

Accepted Answer

Historical research typically focuses on understanding past events and contexts rather than the processes involved, which aligns with Mr. Marsh's lack of concern for processes.

Question 15

A common type of distortion that can occur during interpretation of the meaning of events in context is

Accepted Answer

Coherence imposition refers to the tendency to force events into a coherent and meaningful narrative, even if the events may not actually be related or significant. This can lead to distortion in the interpretation of the meaning of events. The other options (episode exaggeration, episode overestimation, and distinct incompetency) do not accurately describe this type of distortion.

Question 16

It is best to use historical-comparative research

Accepted Answer

Historical-comparative research is best suited for research questions that involve the flow of history and/or two or more sociocultural contexts. It allows researchers to compare and contrast different societies or historical periods and identify patterns of change and continuity. This type of research is particularly useful for understanding how social, economic, political, and cultural processes have shaped human societies over time. It is not limited to quantitative research, but can also be qualitative in nature.

Question 17

Early in the research study,the researcher should think through the topic and develop ideas.Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

It is important for the researcher to have some assumptions, concepts, and theory in mind before beginning the research study. This helps to guide the study and provide a framework for understanding the data that is collected. However, it is also important for the researcher to remain open to new ideas and be willing to revise their assumptions and concepts based on what is learned from the data.

Question 18

Internal and external criticism evaluate the ______ and the ______,respectively,of primary source materials

Accepted Answer

Internal criticism evaluates the credibility or reliability of the primary source material, whereas external criticism assesses its authenticity or whether it genuinely represents the original source material. Therefore, option A is the correct answer as it correctly matches the terms with their respective evaluation criteria. Options C and D are incorrect as discredibility and variability are not commonly used terms in the evaluation of primary sources. Option B is incorrect as it reverses the order of the terms, which is incorrect.

Question 19

These sources are studies conducted by specialist historians who may have spent many years studying a narrow topic.What are the sources called?

Accepted Answer

These sources are called secondary sources, as they involve the analysis and interpretation of other primary sources by specialists in the field. They can provide valuable insights and perspectives on historical events and phenomena.

Question 20

If two units are actually subparts of a single larger unit,relationships may have a common origin.This could result in possible mistakes or

Accepted Answer

This is known as Galton's problem, named after the polymath Francis Galton who first discussed the issue in his book 'Natural Inheritance' (1889). Galton's problem arises when there is a hierarchical relationship between units of analysis, where the lower level units are nested within the higher level units. In such cases, the similarity observed between lower level units may be due to their shared relationship with the higher level unit(s), rather than any true similarity between the lower level units themselves. This can lead to mistakes in statistical analysis, especially when using methods such as regression or hierarchical modeling.

Quiz 11: Looking at the Past and Across Cultures