The idea that science is a shared activity is by no means new. More than 2000 years ago, Aristotle emphasized that science had two parts:

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Aristotle emphasized that science involved both the process of inquiry (asking questions, gathering evidence) and the process of argument (developing explanations based on evidence and reasoning). This highlights the collaborative nature of science, as scientists often work together to refine and test ideas through discussion and critique.

The Idea That Science Is a Shared Activity Is by No