A control group is composed of subjects who receive a treatment that the researcher believes is causally linked to the independent variable.

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A control group is composed of subjects who do not receive the treatment, and are used as a basis of comparison to the group that receives the treatment. The purpose of the control group is to rule out alternative explanations for the results of the study, and to establish that any observed effects are due to the independent variable, rather than other factors.

A Control Group Is Composed of Subjects Who Receive a Treatment