According to conflict theorists, credentialism, the hidden curriculum, and a belief in______________ ensure that the best education and job opportunities will go to members of the middle and upper classes.

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Conflict theorists argue that the belief in meritocracy, which is the idea that individuals are rewarded based on their ability and qualifications, actually perpetuates inequality because it ignores the structural barriers that prevent equal access to education and job opportunities. Credentialism, or the overemphasis on formal qualifications and degrees, also benefits those with more resources who can afford to obtain these credentials, further perpetuating class inequalities. The hidden curriculum refers to the unspoken, unwritten values and behaviors that are taught in schools and reinforce dominant cultural norms, including those of the middle and upper classes. Tracking, or the practice of placing students in different classes based on perceived ability, also contributes to unequal educational outcomes. However, this is not mentioned in the question as a choice.

According to Conflict Theorists, Credentialism, the Hidden Curriculum, and a Belief