The critical hurdle with measuring treatment effects is that:
A) our subjects cannot be both untreated and treated at the same time.
B) we have selection bias.
C) it's always equal to the effect of the treatment on the treated.
D) it's hard to have a truly random treatment assignment.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The fundamental problem of causal inference is that we cannot observe the same subject in both treated and untreated states simultaneously, making it difficult to measure treatment effects directly.

The Critical Hurdle with Measuring Treatment Effects Is That