Question 1

Research in the United States and other countries has consistently shown that people in the lower classes have

Accepted Answer

Research in the United States and other countries consistently show that people in the lower classes have higher rates of mortality and disability. This is often attributed to a lack of access to healthcare, poor living conditions, and increased exposure to environmental toxins, among other factors. Lower rates of cancer and heart disease are not consistently found in lower classes.

Question 2

Mexican Americans may interpret their illnesses according to traditional practices and seek treatment in the form of curanderismo, which refers to

Accepted Answer

Curanderismo refers to a traditional form of holistic health care practiced in Mexican American culture, which incorporates natural remedies, spiritual healing, and intergenerational knowledge. It does not involve satanic worship or euthanasia.

Question 3

Which of the following is true about the health care Latinos receive?

Accepted Answer

Latinos are more likely to seek treatment in clinics and emergency rooms due to various factors, including access issues, insurance coverage, and cultural preferences. This trend reflects broader disparities in healthcare access and utilization among different demographic groups.

Question 4

When did the American Medical Association come into being, after which it began attacking "lay" doctors and institutionalized its authority through standardized programs of education and licensing?

Accepted Answer

The American Medical Association was founded in 1847, and in the following year, it began attacking "lay" doctors and institutionalizing its authority through standardized programs of education and licensing.

Question 5

Which sociological perspective would be most likely to argue that policymakers have been slow to respond to the AIDS crisis because those in high-risk groups, such as gay men and intravenous drug users, are comparatively powerless?

Accepted Answer

The conflict perspective focuses on how power, resources, and inequality shape society, and how those in power maintain their dominance. In this case, the perspective would argue that policymakers have been slow to respond to the AIDS crisis because those in high-risk groups, such as gay men and intravenous drug users, are considered to be disenfranchised and less powerful, and therefore less likely to receive effective interventions or support from policymakers who prioritize other interests.

Question 6

What percentage of Hispanics are estimated to rely upon home remedies?

Accepted Answer

35 percent of Hispanics are estimated to rely upon home remedies.

Question 7

Mortality rates are the

Accepted Answer

Mortality rates refer to the incidence of death in a given population. Options A and B refer to incidence rates of diseases, while option D refers to the prevalence of a specific disorder at a given time.

Question 8

What percent of U.S. citizens ages 65 and over are afflicted by Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

According to the Alzheimer's Association, approximately 13 percent of Americans aged 65 and older have Alzheimer's disease.

Question 9

NIH-sponsored national surveys found that what percentage of adults used some form of alternative medicine including prayer?

Accepted Answer

NIH-sponsored national surveys found that 62 percent of adults used some form of alternative medicine including prayer.

Question 10

In what year did the U.S. government enact both Medicare and Medicaid-two national health care programs receiving federal funding?

Accepted Answer

Medicare and Medicaid were enacted in 1965, making health care available to low-income families and elderly individuals receiving social security benefits.

Question 11

In the United States, the fear of contracting AIDS has likely led to changes in sexual behavior among both homosexuals and heterosexuals. Which sociological perspective would focus on these changes in sexual relationships?

Accepted Answer

The interactionist perspective focuses on individual interactions and how they shape behavior and social norms. Changes in sexual behavior as a result of the fear of AIDS can be analyzed through this perspective, as it considers how people negotiate and create social meaning around sexual relationships. The functionalist perspective would focus more on how these changes serve the overall function of society, while the conflict perspective would highlight the power dynamics and inequalities that may affect who is most affected by the fear of AIDS. The feminist perspective may touch on these power dynamics but would likely focus more on the gendered aspects of the issue.

Question 12

Which type of medicine refers to therapies in which the health care practitioner considers the person's physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Holistic medicine refers to therapies in which the health care practitioner considers the person's physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual characteristics. Traditional medicine refers to mainstream medical practices, Ayurveda is a traditional Indian system of medicine, and homeopathy is a specific alternative medicine approach.

Question 13

The number of people infected with HIV worldwide in 2013 was

Accepted Answer

According to the World Health Organization, the estimated number of people living with HIV worldwide in 2013 was 35 million.

Question 14

Social epidemiology is defined as the

Accepted Answer

Social epidemiology is the study of the distribution of disease, impairment, and general health status across a population. It looks at how social factors such as income, education, and race can impact health outcomes. Option A, B, and D are too specific and do not encompass the full scope of social epidemiology.

Question 15

In examining health, illness, and medicine as a social institution, which sociological perspective generally focuses on micro-level study of the roles played by health care professionals and patients?

Accepted Answer

The interactionist perspective focuses on the micro-level analysis of how individuals interact with each other, including the roles played by health care professionals and patients in shaping the meanings and practices associated with health and illness. This perspective emphasizes the importance of social interactions, symbols, and language in shaping individual experiences and perceptions of health care.

Question 16

Morbidity rates are the

Accepted Answer

Morbidity rates refer to the incidence of diseases within a given population. Option A is the only choice that accurately describes this definition. Option B describes incidence rates, option C describes mortality rates, and option D describes prevalence rates.

Question 17

Which of the following has been a barrier for research on women's health?

Accepted Answer

Women have often been excluded from medical studies, which has led to a lack of knowledge about their health concerns and needs. This exclusion may have been due to historical biases or concerns about the potential effects of research on reproductive health. As a result, women's health issues have not received the same attention and resources as men's health issues.

Question 18

In the view of which theorist do capitalist societies such as that of the United States care more about maximizing profits than they do about the health and safety of industrial workers?

Accepted Answer

Karl Marx is known for his critique of capitalism, in which he argues that capitalism prioritizes profits over the well-being of workers. Marx believes that in a capitalist society, the owners of the means of production (i.e. the capitalists) exploit the labor of workers for their own gain, and that this exploitation is inherent in the system. Therefore, according to Marx, capitalist societies care more about maximizing profits than they do about the health and safety of industrial workers.

Question 19

Which psychiatrist stated that nurses are to perform their duties without challenging the authority of male doctors, a process referred to as the doctor-nurse game?

Accepted Answer

Leonard Stein is the psychiatrist who stated that nurses are to perform their duties without challenging the authority of male doctors, a process referred to as the doctor-nurse game.

Question 20

Sociologist Howard Waitzkin suggested that racial tensions helped explain which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Racial tensions can lead to stress and lack of access to healthcare, both of which can contribute to higher rates of hypertension in certain racial and ethnic groups.

Quiz 15: Health and the Environment