Question 1

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Excessive intake of vitamin A can lead to toxicity, which can cause symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, skin irritation, and even liver damage.

Question 2

Vitamin A is necessary for the

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A is essential for the function of rods and cones in the retina, which are responsible for vision in low light conditions and color vision, respectively. Vitamin A is not involved in the production of carcinogens in the liver (A), breakdown of collagen in the small intestine (B), or transfer of homocysteine into proteins (D).

Question 3

The _____ is the primary site for vitamin absorption in the body.

Accepted Answer

The small intestine is the primary site for vitamin absorption in the body. The large intestine is mainly responsible for water absorption and elimination of waste products. The stomach plays a role in the breakdown of food but is not a major site for nutrient absorption. The pancreas is responsible for producing enzymes and hormones that aid in digestion, but it does not play a significant role in vitamin absorption.

Question 4

_____ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

Accepted Answer

Niacin is commonly added to refined grain products such as white bread, white rice, and pasta as part of the enrichment process. This is done to replace some of the nutrients lost during the refining process, which removes the germ and bran from grains. Enriched grains can help prevent nutrient deficiencies, but it's important to remember that whole grains are a better source of fiber and other important nutrients.

Question 5

To conserve the vitamin content of foods,

Accepted Answer

Steaming or stir-frying until tender but not overcooked helps to retain most of the vitamins in foods. This is because these cooking methods do not involve prolonged exposure to heat or large amounts of water, both of which can cause the loss of vitamins. Adding fat to vegetables during cooking can enhance the absorption of certain vitamins, but it can also add calories and unhealthy fats. Storing foods in warm conditions, exposing them to sunlight and air, and cooking slowly in large amounts of water can all lead to significant vitamin loss.

Question 6

An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is

Accepted Answer

Night blindness is one of the earliest and most common symptoms of vitamin A deficiency. It happens because vitamin A is essential for the production of rhodopsin, a pigment present in the retina that helps us to see in low light conditions.

Question 7

Melanie is a healthy 8-month-old baby who loves to eat carrots, peaches, apricots, and green beans. Recently, her skin turned yellow. Based on this information, Melanie has developed

Accepted Answer

Melanie has developed carotenemia, a condition where excessive consumption of carotene-rich foods such as carrots, peaches, and apricots leads to the yellowing of the skin. It is a harmless condition and does not require medical intervention. Rickets is a condition caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, pernicious anemia is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12, and kidney failure is a serious medical condition that requires immediate medical attention. None of these conditions are indicated based on the information given.

Question 8

Adding a small amount of _____ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain.

Accepted Answer

Adding a small amount of oil (such as olive oil) to cooked vegetables can enhance the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) as they require fats to be absorbed efficiently by the body. Sugar, water, and wine do not have the same effect.

Question 9

Which of the following vitamins can be made by the human body?

Accepted Answer

The human body can synthesize vitamin D with the help of sunlight. While small amounts of vitamins C and E can be synthesized by the body, it is not enough to meet daily requirements. Vitamin B-12 is the only B-vitamin that cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained through the diet or supplementation.

Question 10

After learning about the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, Arthur decided to take a dietary supplement that the Guidelines referred to as a "nutrient of public health concern." Which of the following dietary supplements did Arthur take?

Accepted Answer

The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans identified Vitamin D as a "nutrient of public health concern" due to its low intake among Americans. Therefore, Arthur likely took a Vitamin D supplement.

Question 11

Which of the following vitamins acts as a hormone in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D acts as a hormone in the human body. It helps regulate calcium and phosphorus levels, and is essential for bone health.

Question 12

Which of the following vitamins is a teratogen when consumed in excess?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A is a teratogen when consumed in excess, specifically during early pregnancy. It can lead to birth defects in the developing fetus. The other vitamins listed are not known to be teratogenic when consumed in excess.

Question 13

Which of the following foods is a rich dietary source of beta-carotene?

Accepted Answer

Pumpkin pie is a rich dietary source of beta-carotene. Beta-carotene is a carotenoid, which is found in brightly colored fruits and vegetables such as carrots, sweet potatoes, and pumpkins.

Question 14

_____ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

Accepted Answer

Riboflavin is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process, along with other nutrients such as thiamin, niacin, and iron. This is done to replace some of the nutrients lost during the refining process.

Question 15

Which of the following foods provides the most beta-carotene per serving?

Accepted Answer

Peaches are a good source of beta-carotene, providing approximately 6 milligrams per 100 grams. Mushrooms, celery, and chicken do not contain significant amounts of beta-carotene.

Question 16

In underdeveloped countries, severe vitamin A deficiency is a major cause of

Accepted Answer

Severe vitamin A deficiency can lead to blindness, particularly in children, and is a major health issue in underdeveloped countries. Beriberi is caused by a deficiency in thiamine (vitamin B1), megaloblastic anemia is caused by deficiencies in vitamin B12 or folic acid, and spina bifida is associated with a deficiency in folic acid.

Question 17

Which of the following foods are reliable dietary sources of vitamin D?

Accepted Answer

Fortified milk is a reliable dietary source of vitamin D. Enriched breads may also contain vitamin D, but it is not as reliable as fortified milk. Deli meats and fresh fruits are not significant sources of vitamin D.

Question 18

A deficiency of vitamin _____ results in deterioration of epithelial cells.

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A is important for the maintenance and health of epithelial cells, which line the surfaces of the body. A deficiency of vitamin A can cause the deterioration of these cells, leading to a range of health problems, including impaired immune function and vision.

Question 19

Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins?

Accepted Answer

Boiling in water can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins as they can leach out into the water. Steaming and stir-frying in minimal oil may cause some loss but to a lesser extent, while microwaving in little or no water is a relatively gentle cooking method that usually retains more nutrients.

Question 20

In the body, vitamin A helps

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and function of epithelial cells, which are the cells that make up the skin and mucous membranes lining the body's cavities and organs. It also helps in the development and maintenance of other types of cells, such as immune cells and red blood cells. Vitamin A does not have a direct impact on insulin, collagen synthesis or calcium and phosphorus absorption.

Quiz 8: Vitamins: Nutrients That Multitask

Which of the following statements is true?

Vitamin A is necessary for the

The _____ is the primary site for vitamin absorption in the body.

_____ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

To conserve the vitamin content of foods,

An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is

Melanie is a healthy 8-month-old baby who loves to eat carrots, peaches, apricots, and green beans. Recently, her skin turned yellow. Based on this information, Melanie has developed

Adding a small amount of _____ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain.

Which of the following vitamins can be made by the human body?

After learning about the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, Arthur decided to take a dietary supplement that the Guidelines referred to as a "nutrient of public health concern." Which of the following dietary supplements did Arthur take?

Which of the following vitamins acts as a hormone in the human body?

Which of the following vitamins is a teratogen when consumed in excess?

Which of the following foods is a rich dietary source of beta-carotene?

_____ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

Which of the following foods provides the most beta-carotene per serving?

In underdeveloped countries, severe vitamin A deficiency is a major cause of

Which of the following foods are reliable dietary sources of vitamin D?

A deficiency of vitamin _____ results in deterioration of epithelial cells.

Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins?

In the body, vitamin A helps