In order for a process to be spontaneous,

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For a process to be spontaneous, the total entropy change of the universe (which includes both the system and its surroundings) must be positive. This is a statement of the second law of thermodynamics. Choices A and B are conditions that can contribute to this overall increase in entropy, but they are not universally required for every spontaneous process. Choice C is incorrect because it contradicts the second law of thermodynamics, and choice D describes a condition that can occur but does not determine spontaneity on its own.

In Order for a Process to Be Spontaneous