Question 1

An ATP molecule consists of an adenine,a ribose and three phosphates.

Accepted Answer

This is true. An ATP molecule contains an adenine nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups.

Question 2

A codon is a set of three nucleotides of an mRNA molecule that correspond to a particular amino acid.

Accepted Answer

This is correct. Codons are the basic unit of the genetic code, and each codon specifies a particular amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

Question 3

Oxidation is a process that forms bonds between the atoms of molecules.

Accepted Answer

Oxidation involves the loss of electrons by an atom or compound, which can break existing bonds and form new ones, but it is not inherently a process of bond formation.

Question 4

A genome is a section of DNA in which the nitrogenous base sequence encodes a specific sequence of amino acids.

Accepted Answer

A genome encompasses all the genetic material of an organism, including all of its genes and noncoding sequences, not just a section encoding a specific sequence of amino acids.

Question 5

The anticodon sequence is part of a transfer RNA molecule.

Accepted Answer

The anticodon sequence is found on a transfer RNA molecule and it helps to recognize a specific codon on messenger RNA during protein synthesis.

Question 6

Catalysis is the speeding of a chemical reaction.

Accepted Answer

Catalysis is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by the addition of a substance, called a catalyst.

Question 7

Anabolism includes
A) the buildup of larger molecules from smaller ones,requiring energy.
B) all processes required to maintain life.
C) processes that decompose structures in cells.
D) the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones,releasing energy.
E) the taking in of proteins from the cell membrane.

Accepted Answer

Anabolism refers to the building up of larger molecules from smaller molecules, which requires energy. This is different from catabolism, which involves the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy.

Question 8

A metabolic pathway is a sequence of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

Accepted Answer

A metabolic pathway is indeed a sequence of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that occur within a cell or organism to convert one molecule into another.

Question 9

Genes carry information that instructs a cell to
A) make glycogen.
B) make specific proteins from amino acids.
C) use energy.
D) convert nucleic acids into proteins.
E) take in proteins from the cell membrane.

Accepted Answer

Genes contain the instructions for making proteins, and proteins are made up of amino acids. Glycogen is a complex carbohydrate that is made through a different metabolic pathway and is not directly coded for by genes. Using energy and converting nucleic acids into proteins are general cellular functions that are not specific to genes. Taking in proteins from the cell membrane is a process that occurs after proteins are already made by the cell.

Question 10

The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine,cytosine,guanine and uracil.

Accepted Answer

The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine, not uracil. Uracil is a nitrogenous base found in RNA.

Question 11

Enzymes are nucleic acids that promote specific chemical reactions.

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are proteins that promote specific chemical reactions, not nucleic acids.

Question 12

Translation is the assembly of an amino acid chain according to the sequence of base triplets in a transfer RNA molecule.

Accepted Answer

Translation is the assembly of an amino acid chain according to the sequence of codons in messenger RNA (mRNA), not transfer RNA (tRNA). tRNA molecules bring the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome during this process.

Question 13

All mutations are harmful.

Accepted Answer

Mutations can be harmful, neutral, or beneficial. It depends on the specific mutation and its effect on the organism. Some mutations can confer resistance to diseases or improve an organism's ability to survive in its environment. However, some mutations can lead to genetic disorders or increase the risk of certain diseases.

Question 14

Most metabolic processes use chemical energy.

Accepted Answer

Metabolic processes involve chemical reactions that require chemical energy to occur, such as ATP hydrolysis.

Question 15

Cells burn glucose in a process called oxidation.

Accepted Answer

Cells break down glucose through a series of chemical reactions that involve oxidation, ultimately producing energy in the form of ATP.

Question 16

Of the 38 molecules of ATP generated in one round of the reactions of cellular respiration,only two come from glycolysis.

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis produces 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule, while the remaining ATP is generated during the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 17

Complete oxidation of glucose results in nitrogen and water.

Accepted Answer

Complete oxidation of glucose results in carbon dioxide and water, not nitrogen.

Question 18

A nonprotein component with which some enzymes must combine in order to be active is called a co-factor.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Some enzymes require the presence of a nonprotein molecule, called a co-factor, in order to be active. Examples of co-factors include vitamins, minerals, and other small molecules that bind to and activate enzymes.

Question 19

Genes pass to the next generation in eggs and sperm.

Accepted Answer

Genes are passed down to the next generation through the reproductive cells, or gametes, which are eggs from females and sperm from males. These gametes contain half of the genetic information from each parent, which combined, create a unique genetic code in each offspring.

Question 20

Special proteins called enzymes control the reactions of metabolism.

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are specialized proteins that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions, making them essential for metabolism to occur. They speed up the rate of reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to proceed.

Quiz 4: Cellular Metabolism