Question 1

The word(s)that Max Weber used to stress the need for sociologists to take into account people's emotions,thoughts,beliefs,understandings,and attitudes was
A)verstehen.
B)cultural capital.
C)anomie.
D)social capital.

Accepted Answer

Max Weber emphasized the importance of understanding people's thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes which he referred to as "verstehen". This concept emphasizes the need for sociologists to take into account the subjective meaning that people attach to their actions and experiences. Cultural capital refers to the social assets such as education and cultural knowledge that people acquire which give them advantages in society. Anomie refers to a breakdown in social norms and values which can lead to social instability. Social capital refers to the networks of relationships that help individuals and groups to achieve their goals. While these concepts are important in sociology, they do not specifically address the need to understand people's emotions, thoughts, beliefs, understandings, and attitudes in the same way that "verstehen" does.

Question 2

Although some of the early sociologists saw themselves as social reformers,by the middle of the 20^th century the focus of the discipline of sociology had shifted to A)theorizing and gathering information. B)a de-emphasis on the scientific method. C)applied sociology. D)advocacy of civil rights for minorities.

Accepted Answer

By the middle of the 20th century, sociology had shifted its focus to theorizing and gathering information, rather than social reform. This can be seen in the emergence of theoretical perspectives such as functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism, as well as the development of quantitative research methods. Sociology became more concerned with understanding social phenomena than with advocating for specific social changes.

Question 3

In The Communist Manifesto,Marx argued that the working class must
A)ally with capitalists to build a better world.
B)try to work toward a return to feudalism.
C)overthrow the existing class system of capitalist societies.
D)ignore all aspects of class divisions.

Accepted Answer

Marx argued that the working class, or the proletariat, must overthrow the existing class system of capitalist societies in order to establish a classless, communist society. He believed that the accumulation of wealth by capitalists was exploitative and that workers should control the means of production. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Question 4

Early female sociologists such as Jane Addams were often active in poor urban areas as leaders of community centers known as
A)settlement houses.
B)communes.
C)collective homes.
D)utopian communities.

Accepted Answer

Early female sociologists such as Jane Addams were often active in poor urban areas as leaders of community centers known as settlement houses.

Question 5

The division of an individual's identity into two or more social realities is referred to as
A)racial fetishism.
B)double rejection.
C)bipolar racism.
D)double consciousness.

Accepted Answer

The term "double consciousness" refers to the division of an individual's identity into two or more social realities, coined by W.E.B. Du Bois in his book The Souls of Black Folk. It describes the experience of African Americans who must navigate both their own culture and the dominant white culture, leading to a sense of conflicting identities and a constant awareness of how they are viewed by others.

Question 6

W.E.B.DuBois developed the concept of
A)double consciousness.
B)racial fetishism.
C)double rejection.
D)bipolar racism.

Accepted Answer

W.E.B.DuBois developed the concept of "double consciousness", which refers to the idea that African Americans have to navigate between their own identity and the identity imposed upon them by society's racist attitudes. This creates a sense of being both insider and outsider, leading to feelings of alienation and dislocation. The other choices do not accurately reflect DuBois' concept.

Question 7

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels said,"The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles….The ________ have nothing to lose but their chains.They have a world to win.WORKING MEN OF ALL COUNTRIES,UNITE!"
A)bourgeoisie
B)proletarians
C)Vulcans
D)middle classes

Accepted Answer

Marx and Engels believed that society was divided into two classes: the bourgeoisie (the owners of the means of production) and the proletarians (the working class). They argued that throughout history, these two classes have been in conflict with each other, with the bourgeoisie exploiting and oppressing the proletariat. The quote is an appeal to the working class to unite and overthrow their oppressors. The other options, Vulcan and middle classes, are not relevant to Marx and Engels' theory of class struggle.

Question 8

W.E.B.DuBois saw the importance of religion to society,and he focused on religion at the
A)personal level.
B)community level.
C)state level.
D)national level.

Accepted Answer

W.E.B. DuBois focused on religion at the community level, particularly how it influenced and shaped identity and social dynamics within African American communities. He saw the Black church as a powerful force for uplift and social change, but also recognized its limitations and potential pitfalls.

Question 9

Networks,which are built on reciprocal trust are referred to as
A)cultural capital.
B)latent functions.
C)manifest functions.
D)social capital.

Accepted Answer

Networks built on reciprocal trust are referred to as social capital. Social capital refers to the resources and benefits that individuals and groups can access through their social networks, such as shared knowledge, social support, and opportunities for social and economic advancement. Trust is a key component of social capital, as it enables individuals to rely on each other and work together for mutual benefit. Social capital is often seen as an important factor in promoting social cohesion, economic development, and political participation.

Question 10

Marx viewed the relationship between the capitalists and the exploited workers in systemic terms;that is,he believed that a system of ________ relationships maintained the power and dominance of the owners over the workers.
A)environmental,economic,and cultural
B)social,cultural,and political
C)political,environmental,and social
D)economic,social,and political

Accepted Answer

Marx's analysis was primarily focused on economic relationships between the owners of the means of production (capitalists) and the workers who did not own them. However, he also recognized that social and political factors played a role in maintaining this power dynamic. Therefore, the best choice is D, which includes all three factors that Marx believed contributed to this systemic relationship - economic, social, and political.

Question 11

In Karl Marx's analysis,society was fundamentally divided between
A)separate genders that clash in pursuit of their own interests.
B)economic classes that clash in pursuit of their own class interests.
C)different races that clash in pursuit of their own interests.
D)the religious and the nonreligious who clash in pursuit of their own interests.

Accepted Answer

Marx believed that society was divided between economic classes, with those who owned the means of production (the bourgeoisie) exploiting those who did not (the proletariat). This class conflict was the driving force behind historical change and would eventually lead to the overthrow of capitalism and the establishment of a socialist society. Marx did not view gender, race, or religion as the fundamental divisions of society.

Question 12

Which sociologist is especially known for making an important contribution to the discipline by successfully combining theory and research?
A)C)Wright Mills
B)Jane Addams
C)Harriet Martineau
D)Robert Merton

Accepted Answer

Robert Merton is especially known for successfully combining theory and research in his work. He developed the concept of "middle-range theory" which is the idea that sociological theories should be grounded in empirical research and focus on specific, observable phenomena rather than abstract concepts. Merton's work has had a significant influence on the development of sociology as a scientific discipline.

Question 13

The concept of anomie was introduced into sociology by
A)Auguste Comte.
B)Émile Durkheim.
C)Max Weber.
D)C)Wright Mills.

Accepted Answer

The concept of anomie was introduced by Émile Durkheim, who used it to describe a state of normlessness or a breakdown in social norms and values that can occur in societies experiencing rapid social change. Durkheim believed that such a state of anomie could lead to increased rates of suicide and other forms of deviant behavior.

Question 14

In his study of society,Charles Horton Cooley focused on
A)class issues.
B)divorce.
C)intimate,face-to-face groups.
D)suicide.

Accepted Answer

Charles Horton Cooley is known for his concept of the "looking glass self," which emphasizes the importance of intimate, face-to-face groups in shaping individuals' sense of self and identity. Cooley believed that individuals develop a self-concept based on how they think others perceive them, which is shaped in large part by the interactions they have in small, intimate groups such as family, friends, and other close relationships. Therefore, option C, intimate, face-to-face groups, is the best answer.

Question 15

For W.E.B.DuBois,which of the following was considered essential in combating prejudice and achieving tolerance and justice?
A)Mass protests
B)Common sense
C)Knowledge
D)Surveys

Accepted Answer

W.E.B. Du Bois believed that knowledge was the essential tool in combating prejudice and achieving tolerance and justice. He believed that by educating people about the true nature of racism and its destructive effects, they could begin to challenge their own biases and work towards equality. Du Bois argued that ignorance was the main barrier to progress, and that by expanding people's understanding of different cultures and perspectives, they could learn to overcome their differences and work together towards a better future. While protests and surveys can be useful tools in the fight against prejudice, Du Bois believed that knowledge was the fundamental basis for any lasting change.

Question 16

A sociology instructor asks students to make lists of the characteristics of the best and worst possible instructors.These lists,which would be used to evaluate all instructors,would form an example of a(n)
A)typology.
B)ideal type.
C)verstehen.
D)hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The lists of characteristics of the best and worst possible instructors form an ideal type, which is an abstract model that describes the essential qualities of a phenomenon, in this case, the qualities of the best and worst instructors. A typology refers to a classification scheme that sorts people, things, or concepts into categories based on common characteristics. Verstehen is a method of understanding social behavior by putting oneself in the place of others. A hypothesis is a statement that explains a phenomenon and is subject to testing through research.

Question 17

A sociologist interviews high-salaried corporate chief executive officers (CEOs)to discover whether they feel stress in their everyday lives as a result of the pressure to produce at an unrealistic level.This sociologist is employing
A)alienation.
B)anomie.
C)verstehen.
D)globalization techniques.

Accepted Answer

The sociologist is employing verstehen, which is a method of understanding social behavior from the standpoint of those engaged in it. In this case, the sociologist is trying to understand the experiences of the high-salaried corporate CEOs by interviewing them and gaining insight into their everyday lives.

Question 18

Which of the following would be an example of cultural capital?
A)The reciprocal trust inherent in social networks
B)Knowledge of great American authors
C)A close network of extended relatives
D)Knowledge of Laotian cuisine

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following would be an...

Question 19

An ideal type is a(n)
A)body of knowledge obtained by methods based on systematic observation.
B)construct or model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated.
C)detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically.
D)initiator of people's attitudes or behavior.

Accepted Answer

An ideal type is a construct or model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated. It is a theoretical concept created by sociologists to help understand and explain complex social phenomena. It is not a body of knowledge obtained by methods based on systematic observation, a detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically, or an initiator of people's attitudes or behavior.

Question 20

Which of the following sociologists advocated basic research on the lives of Blacks?
A)Robert Merton
B)Jane Addams
C)W)E.B.DuBois
D)C)Wright Mills

Accepted Answer

W.E.B. DuBois was a prominent sociologist who advocated for basic research on the lives of Blacks. He believed that a better understanding of the experiences and perspectives of Black people was necessary for sociologists to truly understand American society. DuBois was a founding member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and wrote several influential works on race and sociology, including "The Souls of Black Folk."

Quiz 1: Understanding Sociology

The word(s) that Max Weber used to stress the need for sociologists to take into account people's emotions,thoughts,beliefs,understandings,and attitudes was

Although some of the early sociologists saw themselves as social reformers,by the middle of the 20^th century the focus of the discipline of sociology had shifted to

In The Communist Manifesto,Marx argued that the working class must

Early female sociologists such as Jane Addams were often active in poor urban areas as leaders of community centers known as

The division of an individual's identity into two or more social realities is referred to as

W.E.B.DuBois developed the concept of

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels said,"The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles….The ________ have nothing to lose but their chains.They have a world to win.WORKING MEN OF ALL COUNTRIES,UNITE!"

W.E.B.DuBois saw the importance of religion to society,and he focused on religion at the

Networks,which are built on reciprocal trust are referred to as

Marx viewed the relationship between the capitalists and the exploited workers in systemic terms;that is,he believed that a system of ________ relationships maintained the power and dominance of the owners over the workers.

In Karl Marx's analysis,society was fundamentally divided between

Which sociologist is especially known for making an important contribution to the discipline by successfully combining theory and research?

The concept of anomie was introduced into sociology by

In his study of society,Charles Horton Cooley focused on

For W.E.B.DuBois,which of the following was considered essential in combating prejudice and achieving tolerance and justice?

A sociology instructor asks students to make lists of the characteristics of the best and worst possible instructors.These lists,which would be used to evaluate all instructors,would form an example of a(n)

A sociologist interviews high-salaried corporate chief executive officers (CEOs) to discover whether they feel stress in their everyday lives as a result of the pressure to produce at an unrealistic level.This sociologist is employing

Which of the following would be an example of cultural capital?

An ideal type is a(n)

Which of the following sociologists advocated basic research on the lives of Blacks?