Question 1

Which of the following is an accurate statement about sleep patterns?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that approximately 25 percent of people are "morning types" or "larks," who tend to wake up early and feel most alert and productive in the morning.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the typical content of dreams?

Accepted Answer

Research shows that the content of dreams is often based on one's waking life experiences, concerns, and interests. Dreams can reflect preoccupations, fears, and even wishful thinking from the waking world. While nightmares and anxiety-provoking dreams do occur, positive and pleasant dreams are also common.

Question 3

Compared to REM dreams, NREM dreams are

Accepted Answer

NREM dreams are often described as thought-like or subdued, with a lack of the visual and emotional intensity found in REM dreams.

Question 4

Annie has troubling, recurring dreams, and is practising the ability to control her dreams. What is the name for this skill?

Accepted Answer

The ability to control one's dreams is known as lucid dreaming.

Question 5

Compared to NREM dreams, REM dreams are

Accepted Answer

REM dreams are more vivid than NREM dreams.

Question 6

Psychologists believe one of the purposes of REM sleep is to

Accepted Answer

Psychologists believe that during REM sleep, the brain is actively processing and consolidating information, helping to organize and store relevant information. This is supported by research showing that sleep play a critical role in memory consolidation and learning.

Question 7

Larks are to ________ as owls are to ________.

Accepted Answer

Larks are people who are naturally inclined to wake up early and feel most productive during the morning hours. Owls, on the other hand, are people who naturally stay up late and feel most productive during the evening hours. The question asks about a comparison between larks and owls, not physical differences between the two animals. Therefore, the best choice is B because it provides a clear contrast between the two groups in terms of sleep patterns.

Question 8

What is the term for an increased amount of REM sleep that occurs after REM deprivation, which is often associated with unpleasant dreams or nightmares?

Accepted Answer

The term for an increased amount of REM sleep that occurs after REM deprivation is called REM rebound. This phenomenon is often associated with unpleasant dreams or nightmares.

Question 9

Which type of sleep seems to aid in learning and memory in humans and other animals?

Accepted Answer

REM sleep has been shown to play a crucial role in memory consolidation and learning in humans and other animals. During REM sleep, the brain consolidates and strengthens newly acquired information, making it easier to retrieve and remember later.

Question 10

People who have frightening recurring dreams experience all of the following, except

Accepted Answer

The answer of People who have frightening recurring dreams experience...

Question 11

Which of the following reflects one of the known differences in dream content between men and women?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that men tend to dream more about scenes involving tools, weapons, cars, and sexuality, while women tend to dream more about indoor settings, characters they know, and relationships. However, there is no evidence to support options B, C, or D.

Question 12

The increase in the percentage of REM sleep to make up for REM deprivation is called

Accepted Answer

The increase in the percentage of REM sleep to make up for REM deprivation is called REM rebound. This occurs when someone has been deprived of REM sleep and then experiences an increase in the amount of REM sleep they have on subsequent nights.

Question 13

Which of the following is not likely to happen if you go without sleep for two days?

Accepted Answer

Going without sleep for two days can lead to many side effects such as difficulty concentrating, microsleeps, and increased irritability, but hallucinations are more commonly associated with longer periods of sleep deprivation.

Question 14

Gary has not experienced a normal amount of REM sleep for the past few nights due to alcohol use. During the next night's sleep, Gary would be expected to

Accepted Answer

When someone has been deprived of REM sleep, such as due to alcohol use, the body tends to compensate by increasing the amount of REM sleep in subsequent nights. This phenomenon is known as REM rebound.

Question 15

Two of the most common themes of dream content are

Accepted Answer

Being chased and sexual experiences are among the most commonly reported dream themes in various studies and surveys. Illness of a loved one and death, failing an exam, and flying are also common, but not as prevalent as being chased and sexual experiences. Being attacked and falling are also common themes, but they are often related to or included in the being chased theme.

Question 16

As part of a research study, Alicia keeps a journal beside her bed and she records what she was dreaming about as soon as she awakens from a dream. Based on evidence presented in the text, this technique is used probably because

Accepted Answer

Dream memories are often fleeting and can fade quickly after waking, so recording them immediately helps capture the details before they are forgotten.

Question 17

Dream memories usually do not last more than ________ after the dream is over.

Accepted Answer

Dream memories typically fade quickly, often within 10 minutes after waking up.

Question 18

According to researchers, each of the following statements about the content of dreams is correct, except that

Accepted Answer

Most dreams are not lucid dreams. Lucid dreams are dreams in which the dreamer is aware that they are dreaming and may even be able to control the dream environment. While some people do experience lucid dreams, they are not the most common type of dream.

Question 19

Following REM deprivation, there is usually

Accepted Answer

Following REM deprivation, individuals typically experience an increase in REM sleep, a phenomenon known as REM rebound, where the body compensates for the lost REM sleep by increasing the amount of REM sleep in subsequent sleep sessions.

Question 20

What are the momentary lapses from wakefulness into sleep that usually occur when a person has been sleep-deprived?

Accepted Answer

Microsleeps are momentary lapses from wakefulness into sleep that usually occur when a person has been sleep-deprived. They can last anywhere from a fraction of a second to several seconds, but the person is unaware of them.

Quiz 4: States of Consciousness