Question 1

Which type of movement seeks to bring about a total change in society,rarely working within the existing system to accomplish its purpose?

Accepted Answer

Revolutionary movements aim to completely transform society and often reject existing systems and structures. They may use force or violence to achieve their goals and seek to create a new social order. Reformative movements, on the other hand, work within the existing system to bring about gradual change, while resistance movements aim to resist or challenge a particular issue or policy without seeking to fundamentally change society. Alternative movements create alternative ways of living within society, but do not necessarily seek to change the larger social order.

Question 2

Which of the following is defined as a complex or formal organizations which identifies its goals with the preferences of a social movement or countermovement and attempts to implement these goals?

Accepted Answer

The definition provided best fits the concept of a social movement organization (SMO), which is a formal organizational structure created to further the goals of a social movement or countermovement by implementing strategies to achieve those goals. SMOs differ from collective behaviour movements (A) in that they have a more formal structure and are focused on achieving specific goals, while collective behaviour movements are often more spontaneous and lack a clear objective. Claims making collectives (B) may be part of a social movement, but do not necessarily have a formal organizational structure. Moral enterprise (D) refers to a type of social movement that seeks to change public attitudes and perceptions rather than implementing specific policy goals.

Question 3

What kind of social movement is the feminist movement?

Accepted Answer

The feminist movement is a reformative social movement, which seeks to bring about changes to existing laws and social norms to achieve gender equality. It aims to reform the existing society rather than overthrow it or create an alternative one.

Question 4

Karl Marx argued that workers would eventually overthrow capitalism and socialism would replace it.What kind of movement did Marx see as inevitable?

Accepted Answer

Marx saw a revolutionary movement as inevitable in which workers would overthrow capitalism and bring about socialism. He believed that the exploitation and alienation of the working class under capitalism would lead to a class-consciousness and desire for revolution.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a reformative movement?

Accepted Answer

Reformative movements aim to make gradual changes within the existing social system, such as labor movements, which seek to improve conditions for workers within the current economic and political framework.

Question 6

According to the text,what is a characteristic shared by both social movements and other forms of collective behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Both social movements and other forms of collective behavior are often considered unconventional, going against mainstream norms and values.

Question 7

What type of social movement is the Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster?

Accepted Answer

The Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster is a humorous and satirical movement that serves as an alternative to traditional religious institutions. It does not seek to reform or change mainstream religion, and it does not aim to completely overthrow or revolutionize society. Rather, it offers a lighthearted and non-traditional approach to spirituality and belief.

Question 8

Which statement provides the best comparison between collective behaviour and social movements?

Accepted Answer

Collective behaviour and social movements can both involve actions that are outside of the norm or established social structures. However, social movements tend to have more organized and planned actions, while instances of collective behaviour can sometimes be spontaneous and unpredictable. Additionally, social movements often have identifiable leaders, while collective behaviour may not have a clear leader or hierarchy.

Question 9

In the late 1950s,guerrilla fighters were able to overthrow the Batista government of Cuba,leading to the eventual leadership of Fidel Castro in Cuba's communist state.Which term best describes the actions of the guerrilla fighters?

Accepted Answer

The actions of the guerrilla fighters in overthrowing the Batista government and establishing a communist state under Fidel Castro can be best described as a revolution.

Question 10

According to the text,who typically carries out the "work" of a social movement?

Accepted Answer

The text states that social movements typically involve a "work phase" and that this work is usually carried out by a social movement organization (SMO).

Question 11

Neil Smelser discussed six interrelated factors that facilitate social action.What did this theory become known as,as it pertains to social movements?

Accepted Answer

Neil Smelser's theory, which discusses six interrelated factors that facilitate social action, is known as the value-added theory. This theory is applied in the context of understanding the development and dynamics of social movements.

Question 12

According to the text,what kind of social movement is Alcoholics Anonymous?

Accepted Answer

Alcoholics Anonymous is a redemptive social movement as it aims to help individuals redeem themselves from addiction and lead a sober life.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a component of value-added theory?

Accepted Answer

Value-added theory, proposed by Neil Smelser, identifies six determinants necessary for collective behavior: structural conduciveness, structural strain, growth and spread of a generalized belief, precipitating factors, mobilization for action, and the operation of social control. Structural mobility, which refers to the movements of individuals or groups within or between social strata in a society, is not listed as a component of this theory.

Question 14

According to the text,what is the main assumption underlying resource mobilization theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text,what is the main...

Question 15

According to the text,what kind of social movement is the People's Health Movement,which seeks to have health recognized as a human right?

Accepted Answer

The People's Health Movement is a reformative social movement that seeks to bring about change in the recognition of health as a human right. It aims to reform the existing health systems and policies to ensure that everyone has access to quality healthcare without discrimination.

Question 16

What kind of movement are antismoking and drug-free movements?

Accepted Answer

These movements are examples of alternative movements, which aim to promote specific changes in individual behavior and lifestyle choices, such as quitting smoking or abstaining from drug use.

Question 17

According to value-added theory,what must be present prior to the growth and spread of a generalized belief?

Accepted Answer

According to value-added theory, the growth and spread of a generalized belief require the presence of structural strain, which refers to a discrepancy between the goals people have and the means available for achieving those goals. This strain generates a sense of frustration or injustice among people, which leads them to search for explanations and solutions.

Question 18

In what sense are some social movements contentious politics?

Accepted Answer

Social movements involve collective claims making that will conflict with the interests of others, making them contentious politics. While some movements may use controversial tactics, there is no guarantee of that and it is not a defining characteristic. The gap between leader and rank-and-file desires is also not necessarily present in all social movements, and while moral entrepreneurship is often involved in these movements, it is not what makes them contentious.

Question 19

According to the text,which term best describes a process wherein a social movement declares that a particular condition is unjust and identifies measures needed to resolve the unfairness?

Accepted Answer

Claims making refers to the process through which a social movement identifies and declares a particular condition as unjust and advocates for measures needed to resolve the unfairness.

Question 20

According to the text,which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a social movement?

Accepted Answer

The text states that social movements can be intense and unconventional, but there is no mention of them being short-lived. In fact, some social movements can last for years or even decades. Therefore, option A is not a characteristic of a social movement.

Quiz 13: Social Change: Collective Behaviour and Social Movements