Question 1

Ionization occurs:

Accepted Answer

Ionization occurs when an atom loses an electron, becoming positively charged.

Question 2

Electromagnetic spectrum is a grouping of electrons.

Accepted Answer

Electromagnetic spectrum is not a grouping of electrons. It is a range of electromagnetic radiation that includes visible light, radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays.

Question 3

All of the following are the basic elements of an x-ray tube needed to produce x-rays EXCEPT one.Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Accepted Answer

While heat is a byproduct of the process, it is not a necessary element for the production of x-rays. The other three elements (high voltage, a target to stop the electrons, and a source of electrons within the tube) are essential to the x-ray production process.

Question 4

The distance from the crest of one wave to the crest of another wave is called the frequency.The wavelength of a wave is the number of oscillations per unit of time.

Accepted Answer

Both statements are incorrect. The distance from the crest of one wave to the crest of another wave is called the wavelength, not the frequency. The frequency of a wave is the number of oscillations per unit of time, not the wavelength.

Question 5

The release of electrons from the hot tungsten filament at the cathode is called the thermionic emission effect.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The thermionic emission effect is a well-known phenomenon in which electrons are released from the surface of a hot metal, such as a tungsten filament. This effect is used in many different types of vacuum tubes and other electronic devices.

Question 6

Identify the particles that compose the nucleus of an atom:

Accepted Answer

Electrons and photons are both outside the nucleus of an atom. While electrons are found outside of the nucleus in the electron cloud, photons are particles of light that have no mass and cannot be contained within the nucleus. Protons and neutrons are the two types of particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom. Protons have a positive charge, while neutrons have no charge. Together, the protons and neutrons determine the mass and identity of the atom.

Question 7

The duty rating refers to the number of consecutive seconds a machine can be operated before it overheats,and the duty cycle refers to the portion of every minute that the dental machine can be used without overheating.

Accepted Answer

The first statement is true because the duty rating is the number of consecutive seconds a machine can be operated before it overheats. The second statement is also true because the duty cycle is the portion of every minute that the dental machine can be used without overheating.

Question 8

Each of the following are examples of particulate radiation EXCEPT one.Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Each of the following are examples of...

Question 9

The tungsten filament in the x-ray tube is found at the cathode.

Accepted Answer

The tungsten filament is heated at the cathode to create a cloud of electrons that are accelerated towards the anode to produce x-rays.

Question 10

Each of the following are properties of x-rays EXCEPT one.Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Accepted Answer

X-rays travel in straight lines, not wavy lines.

Question 11

Particulate radiations are most commonly emitted from radionuclides.

Accepted Answer

Particulate radiations, such as alpha and beta particles, are commonly emitted from radionuclides.

Question 12

Federal regulations require that all dental x-ray machines have which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Federal regulations require that all dental x-ray machines have an audible signal in addition to the signal lights in the control panel when an exposure is being made.

Question 13

The total x-ray energy produced by the collision of the electrons with the target inside the x-ray tube is approximately:

Accepted Answer

The total x-ray energy produced by the collision of the electrons with the target inside the x-ray tube is approximately less than 1%. The vast majority of the energy (approximately 99%) is converted into heat, not x-rays.

Question 14

The amount of heat produced in the x-ray tube is less than the amount of radiation produced.

Accepted Answer

The amount of heat produced in the x-ray tube is greater than the amount of radiation produced. This is because only a small percentage of the energy applied to the x-ray tube is converted into x-rays, while the rest is dissipated as heat.

Question 15

Identify the metal used in the focal spot of the x-ray tube:

Accepted Answer

Tungsten is the most common metal used in the focal spot of the x-ray tube due to its high melting point, good thermal conductivity, and ability to produce a high-energy beam. Iron and copper have lower melting points and would not be suitable for this application, and while molybdenum has a high melting point, it is not as commonly used as tungsten.

Question 16

Ultrasonic radiation is part of the electromagnetic spectrum,and has no effect on tissue.

Accepted Answer

Ultrasonic radiation is not part of the electromagnetic spectrum; it consists of sound waves beyond the upper limit of human hearing. It does have effects on tissue, which can be therapeutic or diagnostic, such as in ultrasound imaging.

Question 17

The difference in the electromagnetic spectrum between x-rays and visible light lies in the:

Accepted Answer

The difference in the electromagnetic spectrum between x-rays and visible light lies in the wavelength. X-rays have a shorter wavelength than visible light, which gives them higher energy and the ability to penetrate through objects such as bones. Visible light, on the other hand, has a longer wavelength and is not strong enough to penetrate through solid objects.

Question 18

The target or focal spot in the x-ray tube can be found at the:

Accepted Answer

The target or focal spot in the x-ray tube can be found at the positively charged anode. This is where the high-speed electrons produced by the cathode are directed to collide with the anode, producing x-rays at the focal spot location.

Question 19

In a stable atom the number of orbiting electrons (-)equals the number of protons (+)in the nucleus.Therefore,the atom is electrically neutral.

Accepted Answer

Both statements are true. The number of positively charged protons in the nucleus of an atom is equal to the number of negatively charged electrons orbiting around the nucleus. This balance of charges makes the atom electrically neutral.

Quiz 1: The History of Ionizing Radiation and Basic Principles of X-Ray Generation