Question 1

The traditional Chinese medicine in which fine needles are inserted into the skin in order to relieve pain is:

Accepted Answer

The traditional Chinese medicine in which fine needles are inserted into the skin in order to relieve pain is called acupuncture. Chiropractic is a complementary alternative medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Biomedicine is a Western treatment system that relies on drugs and medical procedures to treat diseases. Naturopathy is a system of alternative medicine that employs natural remedies and techniques to promote the body's ability to heal itself.

Question 2

Hypnosis seems to be most effective in helping people manage:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hypnosis seems to be most effective in...

Question 3

To help him relax,Rick is learning to pay nonjudgmental,in-the-moment attention to his changing perceptions and thoughts.Rick is evidently practicing:

Accepted Answer

Rick is practicing mindfulness meditation as he is learning to pay nonjudgmental, in-the-moment attention to his changing perceptions and thoughts, which is a key aspect of mindfulness meditation. Transcendental meditation involves the use of a mantra, tai chi is a martial art that combines movement and meditation, and yoga is a physical and mental practice that involves primarily postures and breathing exercises.

Question 4

The most widely used alternative treatment for substance abuse is:

Accepted Answer

Acupuncture is the most widely used alternative treatment for substance abuse, particularly for opioid addiction. It is believed to help alleviate withdrawal symptoms and reduce cravings. There is some evidence to support its effectiveness, although more research is needed. Hypnosis, meditation, and homeopathy have not been shown to be consistently effective for treating substance abuse.

Question 5

Biofeedback converts _____ into electrical signals.

Accepted Answer

Biofeedback uses sensors to convert physiological responses such as heart rate or muscle tension into electrical signals that are then amplified and displayed to the individual receiving the feedback.

Question 6

Which of these CAM techniques has the highest success rate?

Accepted Answer

Acupuncture has been shown to have a high success rate in treating various health conditions, including chronic pain, headaches, and anxiety. Numerous studies have demonstrated its effectiveness, with some meta-analyses reporting success rates of up to 80%. Hypnosis, chiropractic, and tai chi/yoga also have some evidence of effectiveness, but not to the same extent as acupuncture.

Question 7

Acupuncture theory identifies 14 lines of energy called:

Accepted Answer

Acupuncture theory identifies 14 lines of energy called meridians.

Question 8

Fabrizio Benedetti found that _____ injections of placebos were more effective in reducing pain than _____ injections.

Accepted Answer

Fabrizio Benedetti's research demonstrated that visible injections of placebos were more effective in reducing pain than hidden injections. This finding highlights the importance of the patient's awareness and the psychological impact of seeing the treatment being administered.

Question 9

According to the conditioning explanation of the placebo effect,over years of treatment,the physician's white coat,the disinfectant smell in a waiting room,and the taste of each pill that is swallowed function as:

Accepted Answer

These elements become conditioned stimuli because they are neutral stimuli that, through association with the act of receiving treatment (which can lead to feeling better), acquire the ability to elicit a response similar to the actual treatment effect. This is a fundamental concept in classical conditioning.

Question 10

Physiologically,hypnosis is accompanied by:

Accepted Answer

During hypnosis, there is a decrease in sympathetic nervous system activity, which leads to relaxation and a reduction in stress. This is also accompanied by a decrease in heart rate and respiration rate, which means that less oxygen is consumed and less carbon dioxide is eliminated. There is no evidence to suggest that hypnosis leads to an outpouring of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Question 11

To help her relax,Brittany practices a daily routine in which she focuses her awareness on a personally meaningful phrase,or mantra.Brittany is evidently practicing:

Accepted Answer

Transcendental Meditation involves focusing the mind on a mantra, which is a personally meaningful phrase or sound, as a technique for promoting relaxation and stress reduction. This practice distinguishes it from other forms of meditation or physical practices like yoga or tai chi.

Question 12

According to Tilburt and colleagues (2008),_____ of American physicians believe placebos are beneficial and prescribe them to their patients.

Accepted Answer

Tilburt and colleagues (2008) found that approximately 50% of American physicians believe placebos are beneficial and prescribe them to their patients.

Question 13

Health psychologists generally believe that hypnotic phenomena:

Accepted Answer

Health psychologists generally believe that hypnotic phenomena reflect the workings of normal consciousness, as they can be explained by psychological processes such as focused attention, expectation, and social influence.

Question 14

Which of these therapies does NOT belong with the others?

Accepted Answer

Hypnosis, relaxation, and meditation are all forms of mind-body therapies focused on promoting relaxation and reducing stress. Naturopathy, on the other hand, is a holistic approach to healthcare focused on using natural remedies such as herbs and nutrition to promote healing and prevent illness. While naturopathy also emphasizes a mind-body connection, it is not focused on relaxation techniques like the other three therapies listed.

Question 15

A recent meta-analysis of studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)found that needle acupuncture produced:

Accepted Answer

The meta-analysis found that needle acupuncture produced decreased neural activity in the amygdala and hippocampus.

Question 16

Which of these does the textbook NOT offer as an explanation of how relaxation and meditation might promote health?

Accepted Answer

The textbook does not offer the explanation that people who practice relaxation or meditation tend to have healthier lifestyles as a direct reason for how these techniques promote health. The other options are more directly related to the physiological and psychological benefits of relaxation and meditation.

Question 17

In one experiment,Herbert Benson reported that while meditating,experienced practitioners experience:

Accepted Answer

Herbert Benson reported that experienced practitioners experienced a decrease in oxygen consumption while meditating.

Question 18

Herbert Benson's classic experiment on relaxation and meditation found all of these physiological and metabolic changes EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

In Herbert Benson's classic experiment, he found reduction of lactate in the bloodstream, reduction in the number of breaths taken each minute, and reduction in consumption of oxygen. However, he did not find a reduction in the number of high-frequency delta brain waves.

Question 19

As part of a study,Lina was given a sugar pill that should not cause any harm.However,after taking the pill,Lina reported uncomfortable side effects.In this scenario,a _____ response occurred.

Accepted Answer

The uncomfortable side effects reported by Lina indicate a nocebo response, which occurs when an inert substance or treatment results in negative or harmful side effects due to a person's negative expectations or beliefs. A placebo response, on the other hand, occurs when an inert substance or treatment results in positive effects due to a person's positive expectations or beliefs. The meaning and conditioned responses are not relevant in this scenario.

Question 20

Regarding the effectiveness of acupuncture as a pain treatment,which conclusion is drawn in the textbook?

Accepted Answer

The textbook concludes that acupuncture provides some patients with some relief from some painful conditions, indicating that it may be a useful treatment option for some individuals but is not a universally effective pain treatment.

Quiz 15: Complementary and Alternative Medicine