Longitudinal epidemiological studies that begin with people who are disease-free and are then followed for a period of years are called:

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Prospective studies are designed to follow a group of people (a cohort) over a period of time to see if and when they develop a particular disease or condition. These studies begin with people who do not have the disease or condition of interest and are followed forward in time to see if and when the disease or condition develops. Retrospective studies, on the other hand, are designed to look back in time to find possible causes or risk factors for a particular disease or condition. Correlational studies are used to determine if there is a relationship or association between two or more variables, but they do not determine cause and effect. Cross-sectional studies assess the relationship between a particular trait or disease and other variables of interest at a single point in time.

Longitudinal Epidemiological Studies That Begin with People Who Are Disease-Free