Question 1

If a parent cell divides through 8 generations, how many cells will result?

Accepted Answer

Each generation doubles the number of cells. So, 2^8 (since there are 8 generations) equals 256 cells.

Question 2

The generation time for Enterobacter aerogenes during the exponential growth phase is 30 minutes. If a single E. aerogenes cell begins dividing during this phase, how many cells would be present if counted after 5 hours?

Accepted Answer

The number of cells after a certain time period during exponential growth can be calculated using the formula $N = N_0 \times 2^n$, where $N_0$ is the initial number of cells, $n$ is the number of generations, and $N$ is the final number of cells. Given that the generation time is 30 minutes and the total time is 5 hours (300 minutes), there are $300 / 30 = 10$ generations. Starting with 1 cell, after 10 generations, the number of cells would be $1 \times 2^{10} = 1024$ cells.

Question 3

The RN educates the staff about the importance of timely symptom recognition and treatment of the infection. Which of the following statements by a hospital provider demonstrates a proper understanding of antimicrobial agents?

Accepted Answer

It is most effective to treat patients with antimicrobials in the exponential growth phase, as this is when bacteria are actively replicating and vulnerable to the effects of antimicrobial agents. Treating patients during other phases of growth may be less effective, as bacteria may be less susceptible to antimicrobials at these stages.

Question 4

During which stages of bacterial growth is an infected patient most at risk of spreading the organism to others?

Accepted Answer

During the exponential growth phase, the number of bacteria rapidly multiplies, increasing the risk of spread to others. In the stationary growth phase, growth slows down, and bacteria are less likely to spread. In the lag phase, bacteria are adapting to their environment and not actively multiplying, while in the death phase, the number of bacteria decreases as they die off. Therefore, the only stages in which an infected patient is at risk of spreading the organism to others are the exponential growth phase and the stationary growth phase.

Question 5

Prior to administration of the scheduled morning dose of verapamil, the patient's blood pressure is found to be low. What is the most appropriate action by the RN?

Accepted Answer

If the patient's blood pressure is low prior to administering verapamil, it may indicate that the medication could further lower the patient's blood pressure, potentially causing harm. Administering the medication as ordered or administering it and notifying the physician could result in adverse effects or complications. Administering a double dose for the scheduled evening dose is not appropriate without further assessment and physician approval. The most appropriate action is to reassess the patient's blood pressure in 30 minutes to determine if verapamil can be safely administered.

Question 6

At time = 0, 200 ml of broth receives an initial inoculum of bacteria. 0.1 ml of the bacterial culture is taken from the culture at repeated intervals, diluted in liquid agar and spread on a plate containing solid media. After incubation, the plate from time = 420 min yields 62 colonies from the 0.1 ml sample. The total estimated number of cells in the flask at t = 420 min is ________.

Accepted Answer

To calculate the total number of cells in the flask at t = 420 min, you multiply the number of colonies by the dilution factor. Since 62 colonies were observed from a 0.1 ml sample, the total number in the 200 ml flask would be 62 colonies * (200 ml / 0.1 ml) = 124,000 cells.

Question 7

The RN is familiar with the action of calcium channel blockers. By inhibiting the passage of calcium through ion channels, the drug targets which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

Calcium channel blockers inhibit the passive transport of calcium ions through ion channels, reducing the influx of calcium into heart muscle cells and thus decreasing the force of heart contractions and the demand for oxygen by the heart muscle. This results in lowering blood pressure, making it an effective medication for hypertension management.

Question 8

At 12:35 pm, 20 Salmonella enteritidis cells were present in the remains of a Caesar salad at a picnic. 5 hours later, the picnic organizer ate the rest of the salad at home. S. enteritidis divides every 20 minutes; how many cells (N_t) were consumed if N_t = N(2ⁿ)?

Accepted Answer

S. enteritidis divides every 20 minutes, so in 5 hours (300 minutes), it would divide 300/20 = 15 times. Starting with 20 cells, after 15 divisions, the number of cells would be 20 * 2^15 = 655,360 cells.

Question 9

The physician orders administration of an intravenous osmotic diuretic as the patient is en route to surgery. As the RN, you are familiar with the action of the drug, which increases the osmolality of the blood. Which of the following do you anticipate as the physiologic response to the administration of this medication?

Accepted Answer

Osmotic diuretics work by increasing the osmolality of the blood, which draws water from the extravascular spaces into the intravascular space, leading to decreased extravascular volume and increased intravascular volume. This mechanism is used to reduce intracranial pressure or to treat oliguric renal failure by promoting diuresis.

Question 10

Following the patient's surgical procedure, he is admitted to the neurological intensive care unit. Interventions are implemented to decrease intracranial pressure, including the administration of intravenous hypertonic saline. Which of the following do you anticipate as the therapeutic response to the administration of this medication?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic saline is administered to decrease intracranial pressure by drawing fluid out of the brain tissue into the bloodstream, resulting in decreased extravascular volume and increased intravascular volume. This shift in fluid volume helps to reduce pressure on the brain.

Question 11

Which of the following is a characteristic of the death phase of bacterial growth?

Accepted Answer

The death phase of bacterial growth is characterized by a decrease in the population of cells as the cells are no longer reproducing and are dying off. It is not associated with severe infection or an increase in population size.

Question 12

Because a hypertonic environment forces water to move out of a cell, it is said to have high osmotic ________.

Accepted Answer

Osmotic pressure is the pressure that must be applied to a hypertonic solution to prevent the inward flow of water. When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, it will lose water due to osmosis, and the osmotic pressure of the solution is high.

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of active transport?

Accepted Answer

Active transport involves the movement of substances against their concentration gradient (from areas of low concentration to high concentration) and requires the input of energy in the form of ATP. Carrier proteins are often used to facilitate the movement of these substances across the cell membrane. Option A is incorrect because the movement of water is facilitated by osmosis, not active transport. Option B is incorrect because active transport does require energy input. Option C is incorrect because this describes the process of passive transport, not active transport.

Question 14

Performing a standard plate count experiment for Bacillus cereus would allow a microbiologist to ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Performing a standard plate count experiment for...

Question 15

The period of growth between inoculation and when the cells adjust to their environment and begin growth at their maximum rate is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

The period of growth between inoculation and when the cells adjust to their environment and begin growth at their maximum rate is called the lag phase. It is characterized by slow or no growth as the bacteria adjust to their new surroundings, synthesize essential enzymes and molecules, and prepare to grow at their maximum rate. This phase may last from a few hours to several days, depending on the species of bacteria and the surrounding conditions.

Question 16

Which of the following describes the mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers?

Accepted Answer

Calcium channel blockers work by inhibiting the influx of calcium ions into arterial smooth muscle cells, which results in relaxation of the arterial smooth muscle and a decrease in vascular resistance, leading to a reduction in blood pressure. They also reduce impulse conduction through the AV node, which slows down the heart rate and decreases myocardial contractility. Therefore, the best choice is D, which includes both the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle and reduction of impulse conduction.

Question 17

The RN prepares to administer hypertonic saline. Which of the following solutions would you expect the physician to order to produce the desired physiologic effect in the patient?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic saline is a solution with a higher concentration of sodium than found in normal body fluids. 3% sodium chloride is the only option listed that meets this criterion and would produce the desired physiologic effect in the patient.

Question 18

The most rapid increase in bacterial growth occurs during which of the following stages?

Accepted Answer

During the exponential growth phase, the population of bacteria is doubling at a constant rate, leading to the most rapid increase in bacterial growth.

Question 19

Prior to administration of verapamil, which of the following is most important to assess?

Accepted Answer

Prior to administration of verapamil, it is most important to assess vital signs, including blood pressure and heart rate. Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that can cause hypotension and bradycardia, so monitoring these vital signs is crucial for safe administration. Pupillary light reflex, blood oxygen levels, and level of consciousness may also be important to assess, but they are not the most crucial considerations before administering verapamil.

Question 20

The RN administers the osmotic diuretic as ordered. Which of the following responses by the patient would indicate the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The RN administers the osmotic diuretic as...

Quiz 6: Microbial Nutrition and Growth

If a parent cell divides through 8 generations, how many cells will result?

The generation time for Enterobacter aerogenes during the exponential growth phase is 30 minutes. If a single E. aerogenes cell begins dividing during this phase, how many cells would be present if counted after 5 hours?

The RN educates the staff about the importance of timely symptom recognition and treatment of the infection. Which of the following statements by a hospital provider demonstrates a proper understanding of antimicrobial agents?

During which stages of bacterial growth is an infected patient most at risk of spreading the organism to others?

Prior to administration of the scheduled morning dose of verapamil, the patient's blood pressure is found to be low. What is the most appropriate action by the RN?

The RN is familiar with the action of calcium channel blockers. By inhibiting the passage of calcium through ion channels, the drug targets which of the following processes?

At 12:35 pm, 20 Salmonella enteritidis cells were present in the remains of a Caesar salad at a picnic. 5 hours later, the picnic organizer ate the rest of the salad at home. S. enteritidis divides every 20 minutes; how many cells (N_t) were consumed if N_t = N(2ⁿ) ?

Which of the following is a characteristic of the death phase of bacterial growth?

Because a hypertonic environment forces water to move out of a cell, it is said to have high osmotic ________.

Which of the following is a characteristic of active transport?

Performing a standard plate count experiment for Bacillus cereus would allow a microbiologist to ________.

The period of growth between inoculation and when the cells adjust to their environment and begin growth at their maximum rate is called the ________.

Which of the following describes the mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers?

The RN prepares to administer hypertonic saline. Which of the following solutions would you expect the physician to order to produce the desired physiologic effect in the patient?

The most rapid increase in bacterial growth occurs during which of the following stages?

Prior to administration of verapamil, which of the following is most important to assess?

The RN administers the osmotic diuretic as ordered. Which of the following responses by the patient would indicate the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug?

Quiz 6: Microbial Nutrition and Growth

If a parent cell divides through 8 generations, how many cells will result?

The generation time for Enterobacter aerogenes during the exponential growth phase is 30 minutes. If a single E. aerogenes cell begins dividing during this phase, how many cells would be present if counted after 5 hours?

The RN educates the staff about the importance of timely symptom recognition and treatment of the infection. Which of the following statements by a hospital provider demonstrates a proper understanding of antimicrobial agents?

During which stages of bacterial growth is an infected patient most at risk of spreading the organism to others?

Prior to administration of the scheduled morning dose of verapamil, the patient's blood pressure is found to be low. What is the most appropriate action by the RN?

The RN is familiar with the action of calcium channel blockers. By inhibiting the passage of calcium through ion channels, the drug targets which of the following processes?

At 12:35 pm, 20 Salmonella enteritidis cells were present in the remains of a Caesar salad at a picnic. 5 hours later, the picnic organizer ate the rest of the salad at home. S. enteritidis divides every 20 minutes; how many cells (Nt) were consumed if Nt = N(2n) ?

Which of the following is a characteristic of the death phase of bacterial growth?

Because a hypertonic environment forces water to move out of a cell, it is said to have high osmotic ________.

Which of the following is a characteristic of active transport?

Performing a standard plate count experiment for Bacillus cereus would allow a microbiologist to ________.

The period of growth between inoculation and when the cells adjust to their environment and begin growth at their maximum rate is called the ________.

Which of the following describes the mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers?

The RN prepares to administer hypertonic saline. Which of the following solutions would you expect the physician to order to produce the desired physiologic effect in the patient?

The most rapid increase in bacterial growth occurs during which of the following stages?

Prior to administration of verapamil, which of the following is most important to assess?

The RN administers the osmotic diuretic as ordered. Which of the following responses by the patient would indicate the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug?

At 12:35 pm, 20 Salmonella enteritidis cells were present in the remains of a Caesar salad at a picnic. 5 hours later, the picnic organizer ate the rest of the salad at home. S. enteritidis divides every 20 minutes; how many cells (N_t) were consumed if N_t = N(2ⁿ) ?