Question 1

The symptoms of ________ angina will usually respond well to appropriate treatment, including rest and the administration of oxygen.

Accepted Answer

The term "stable" describes angina that occurs predictably during exertion or stress and responds well to rest and oxygen. Systemic angina refers to angina that affects the entire body and is not a recognized medical term. Nonpredictable angina is typically unstable angina, which occurs unpredictably and is a medical emergency.

Question 2

Pain that results from a reduction in blood supply to myocardial tissue is called:

Accepted Answer

Angina pectoris is the medical term used to describe the chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough blood and oxygen due to a reduction in blood supply to myocardial tissue.

Question 3

Inflammation of the covering of the lungs is called:

Accepted Answer

Inflammation of the covering of the lungs is called pleurisy. Pericarditis refers to inflammation of the lining around the heart, peritonitis to inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity, and percutaneous refers to a medical procedure performed through the skin.

Question 4

The most important drug that any patient with chest pain can receive is:

Accepted Answer

The most important drug that any patient with chest pain can receive is oxygen, as it helps to improve oxygenation and reduce the workload of the heart. Dopamine, lidocaine, and nipride may be used in certain cases, but oxygen is essential for all patients with chest pain.

Question 5

________ angina most often occurs when the coronary arteries experience spasms and constrict.

Accepted Answer

Prinzmetal's angina, also known as variant angina, occurs due to the constriction or spasm of the coronary arteries, which reduces blood flow to the heart muscle. This is different from typical angina, which occurs when the arteries are narrowed or blocked by plaque buildup. Wenckebach's and Mobitz's refer to types of heart block, and synchronous is not a type of angina.

Question 6

The narrowed coronary arterial walls, secondary to fatty deposits is called:

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis is the narrowing of the coronary arterial walls due to the accumulation of fatty deposits, also known as plaque. Atheronecrosis refers to the death of cells within an atheromatous plaque. Atheromatosis is another term for atherosclerosis, and atherogenesis refers to the development of the plaque within the artery. Therefore, the best choice is Atherosclerosis (A).

Question 7

The pain associated with angina is:

Accepted Answer

Angina is chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle doesn't get enough blood and oxygen. This pain is usually brought on by physical activity or emotional stress and is relieved by rest or medication such as nitroglycerin. Option B and C are incorrect as they do not match the typical symptoms of angina. Option D is also incorrect as nitroglycerin is specifically used to relieve angina pain.

Question 8

The term that is used for profuse sweating is:

Accepted Answer

Diaphoresis is the term used to describe profuse sweating. Pericarditis and pleurisy refer to inflammation of the lining around the heart and lungs, respectively, while ecchymosis refers to a bruise.

Question 9

________ angina generally indicates a progression of atherosclerotic heart disease and is also referred to as "preinfarctional" angina.

Accepted Answer

Unstable angina is characterized by worsening symptoms and is often a warning sign of an impending heart attack. It is caused by a ruptured or eroded plaque in the coronary arteries and is a medical emergency. Stable angina, on the other hand, is predictable and does not indicate an immediate threat of a heart attack.

Question 10

An acute ________ results from a prolonged lack of blood flow to a portion of the heart tissue.

Accepted Answer

An acute myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack, occurs when there is a sudden and prolonged lack of blood flow to a portion of the heart tissue due to a blockage in one or more of the coronary arteries. This can lead to damage or death of the affected heart tissue. Angina pectoris and vasospastic angina are also conditions that can result from reduced blood flow to the heart tissue, but they are not acute and do not necessarily involve tissue damage. Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque in the arteries, which can contribute to reduced blood flow to the heart and other organs, but it is not necessarily acute.

Question 11

All of the following are medications commonly prescribed to treat the patient experiencing left heart failure EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Amiodarone is not typically prescribed to treat left heart failure. It is a medication used primarily for heart rhythm disorders. Morphine sulfate, furosemide, and nitroglycerin are all commonly prescribed to treat left heart failure by reducing fluid buildup, improving oxygenation, and reducing strain on the heart.

Question 12

The backup of blood into the pulmonary system that causes plasma to mix with and displace alveolar air is ________ edema.

Accepted Answer

The description in the question is consistent with pulmonary edema, which is caused by increased pressure in the blood vessels of the lungs leading to leakage of fluid into the alveoli, resulting in difficulty breathing and low oxygen levels. Options A, B, and C describe other types of edema that are not specific to the pulmonary system.

Question 13

Which medication is given to cardiac patients who are having chest pain because it causes dilation of the blood vessels that reduce workload of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Nitroglycerin is a medication commonly given to cardiac patients experiencing chest pain because it causes vasodilation of the blood vessels, which can reduce the workload of the heart and improve blood flow to the heart muscle. Norepinephrine and neosynephrine are not typically given in this situation as they can cause vasoconstriction and increase workload of the heart. Nesiritide is a medication used to treat heart failure, but it is not typically used for acute chest pain.

Question 14

Low oxygen levels in the blood are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Low levels of oxygen in the blood are referred to as hypoxia. Ischemia refers to a restriction in blood supply, hypertension is high blood pressure, and hypophoria is a type of eye misalignment.

Question 15

The type of pain associated with myocardial infarction is usually pain that lasts:

Accepted Answer

Myocardial infarction pain typically lasts more than 20 minutes and is not relieved by nitroglycerin.

Question 16

The most common presenting symptom of cardiac disease in patients is:

Accepted Answer

Chest pain is the most common presenting symptom of cardiac disease. It can present as a squeezing, pressure, or tightness in the chest, and may also be accompanied by shortness of breath, sweating, and nausea. Hypertension and dry skin may be chronic conditions that do not necessarily present as sudden or acute symptoms of cardiac disease.

Question 17

The most common cause of heart attacks that results in blockage of the coronary arteries is:

Accepted Answer

Thrombus formation is the most common cause of heart attacks that results in blockage of the coronary arteries. A thrombus is a blood clot that forms within a blood vessel and obstructs blood flow. When a thrombus forms in a coronary artery, it can block blood flow to the heart muscle, resulting in a heart attack. Thymelcosis formation, thrypsis formation, and thyroaplasia formation are not medical terms and do not relate to the cause of heart attacks.

Question 18

The inability to perceive pain due to diseases of the nerves is called:

Accepted Answer

Neuropathy is a condition in which diseases or damage to the nerves result in the inability to perceive pain. Stenosis is a narrowing of a body channel or duct, thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot in a blood vessel, and stuporous refers to a state of unconsciousness or lethargy.

Question 19

Inflammation of the pericardial sac is called:

Accepted Answer

Inflammation of the pericardial sac is called pericarditis.

Question 20

The inability of a patient's left ventricle to function in an adequate capacity as to sustain sufficient systemic cardiac output is:

Accepted Answer

Left ventricular failure is the inability of the left ventricle to pump blood effectively, leading to a decrease in systemic cardiac output. This can lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and edema. Left septal failure, right ventricular failure, and right atrial failure are all separate conditions that do not specifically describe the inability of the left ventricle to function properly.

Quiz 13: Assessment and Treatment of the Patient With Cardiac Emergencies