Question 1

The __________ was the Christian council that affirmed for the first time that Christ was "begotten, not made, of the same substance with the Father...."

Accepted Answer

The council that affirmed Christ's divinity as "begotten, not made, of the same substance with the Father" was the Council of Nicaea, which took place in 325 AD. The Council of Jerusalem (50 AD) addressed issues related to Gentile believers, the Council of Trent (1545-1563) dealt with the Protestant Reformation, and the First and Second Vatican Councils (1869-1870, 1962-1965) addressed various aspects of Catholic doctrine and practice.

Question 2

According to Protestant Reformers, the only sacraments instituted by Christ were the Lord's Supper and __________.

Accepted Answer

Protestant Reformers believed that Christ had only instituted two sacraments, Baptism and the Lord's Supper. This belief was based on their interpretation of Scripture and rejection of certain sacraments recognized by the Catholic Church.

Question 3

The New Testament itself shows that the earliest stages of the Christian movement were marked by __________.

Accepted Answer

The New Testament contains various letters and accounts that show differing points of view and ways of expressing the Christian faith among early believers, such as debates over dietary laws, circumcision, and the role of Gentiles. This suggests that there was not yet a fully formed orthodoxy or uniformity of faith and practice in the earliest stages of Christianity.

Question 4

The __________ movement in modern Christianity most emphasizes healing the divisions among churches and increasing cooperation among them. .

Accepted Answer

The term "ecumenical" refers specifically to the movement within Christianity that seeks to bring different branches of the faith together and emphasize cooperation and unity rather than division. Charismatic, fundamentalist, liberationist, and Protestant movements do not necessarily focus on ecumenism as their primary goal.

Question 5

The apostle __________ was one of the few leaders in early Christianity who did not know Jesus during his public ministry.

Accepted Answer

Paul of Tarsus, also known as Saint Paul, did not know Jesus during his public ministry. He was actually a persecutor of Christians before he encountered Jesus on the road to Damascus and became a prominent leader in early Christianity.

Question 6

Nearly half of the New Testament books comprise a set of letters attributed to one early Christian writer named __________.

Accepted Answer

The set of letters attributed to one early Christian writer is commonly known as the Pauline Epistles, which include 13 books of the New Testament. Paul of Tarsus is the author of these letters.

Question 7

The __________ branch of Protestant Christianity holds that infants should not be baptized.

Accepted Answer

The Anabaptist branch of Protestant Christianity holds that infants should not be baptized, as they believe that baptism should be a voluntary act of faith taken by adults who consciously choose to follow Christianity. The other branches listed do not hold this belief as a core tenet.

Question 8

Christianity joins Judaism in affirming that humans have been created __________.

Accepted Answer

Christianity and Judaism both believe that humans have been created in the image of God, male and female. This belief is found in both the Old and New Testaments of the Bible.

Question 9

The __________branch of modern Protestantism emphasizes the ecstatic gifts of the Spirit, such as speaking in tongues.

Accepted Answer

Pentecostalism is the branch of modern Protestantism that emphasizes the charismatic or ecstatic gifts of the Holy Spirit, such as speaking in tongues. This movement began in the early 20th century and has since spread worldwide, with millions of followers.

Question 10

The first non-Italian Roman Catholic pope in modern history was __________.

Accepted Answer

John Paul II, who was elected in 1978, was the first non-Italian pope in 455 years, breaking a long tradition of Italian popes. He was Polish, born Karol Józef Wojtyła.

Question 11

The __________ movement in modern Christianity emphasizes the "baptism of the Holy Spirit" manifest in various ecstatic gifts.

Accepted Answer

The Charismatic movement is a modern Christian movement that emphasizes the "baptism of the Holy Spirit" and the manifestation of various ecstatic gifts, such as speaking in tongues, prophecy, and healing.

Question 12

__________ wrote a spiritual autobiography called the Confessions and helped shaped orthodox Christian teachings with his conceptualizations of doctrines such as original sin and the role of the church in history.

Accepted Answer

The spiritual autobiography referred to is the Confessions, which was written by Augustine of Hippo. Augustine also played a significant role in shaping orthodox Christian doctrines, including his conceptualizations of original sin and the role of the church in history.

Question 13

One of the key areas in which the fundamentalist movement differs from mainline Christianity is on the issue of the __________.

Accepted Answer

Fundamentalists generally believe in a literal interpretation of the book of Genesis and reject the scientific theory of evolution, while mainline Christians tend to view the two as compatible or at least not mutually exclusive.

Question 14

The two central cycles of festivals in the Christian liturgical year revolve around the __________.

Accepted Answer

The two central cycles of festivals in the Christian liturgical year revolve around the birth and resurrection of Jesus. These are celebrated during the Advent/Christmas season and the Lent/Easter season respectively. The other options may be celebrated as individual feast days or events within the liturgical year, but they are not the central cycles.

Question 15

The teachings of __________-that Christians should work hard and could develop businesses through the use of money loaned at interest-are credited with helping to create the context for the development of capitalism in Europe.

Accepted Answer

The teachings of John Calvin, a Protestant reformer from the 16th century, emphasized the virtues of hard work and frugality, and believed that God blessed his chosen people with material success. This idea, known as the "Protestant work ethic," helped to create an environment in which entrepreneurship and the accumulation of wealth were seen as desirable and were therefore encouraged. Calvin also believed that lending money at interest was permissible under certain circumstances, which helped to pave the way for the development of modern banking and finance. These ideas were influential in the growth of capitalism in Europe.

Question 16

The major contribution of __________was drawing on the Greek philosopher Aristotle to defend rationally basic Christian convictions, especially in his most famous work, the Summa Theologica.

Accepted Answer

The reference to drawing on Aristotelian philosophy to defend Christian beliefs points towards Thomas Aquinas, who is known for synthesizing Aristotelian philosophy with Christian theology in his works, especially the Summa Theologica. The other options either did not heavily draw on Aristotle in their works or did not write a book with this specific title.

Question 17

According to the New Testament, Jesus of Nazareth __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the New Testament, Jesus of...

Question 18

The __________ first reaffirmed that books rejected by many Protestant reformers as apocryphal were actually part of the canon of sacred writings.

Accepted Answer

The Council of Trent, held between 1545 and 1563, was a major event in the history of the Reformation. One of its key contributions was to clarify the canon of scripture for Catholics, reaffirming the inclusion of books that had been debated by some Protestants, such as Tobit, Judith, and the Wisdom of Solomon.

Question 19

The year __________ marks the division between the "apostolic" and "post-apostolic" periods in Christian history.

Accepted Answer

The destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem in C.E. 70 marked the end of the apostolic period and the beginning of the post-apostolic period.

Question 20

Approximately one out of every ____ persons on earth is a Christian.

Accepted Answer

According to recent statistics, approximately one out of every three persons on earth is a Christian, making Christianity the world's largest religion.

Quiz 11: Christianity The Way of Jesus Christ