Question 1

In which of the following ways can an HIV-positive woman pass the virus to her baby?

Accepted Answer

An HIV-positive woman can pass the virus to her baby through breastfeeding. HIV can be present in breast milk, so it is important for HIV-positive mothers to take precautions to prevent transmission to their baby. Kissing and cuddling do not transmit HIV.

Question 2

In the context of sexual transmission, unprotected anal intercourse is extremely risky for the transmission of HIV because

Accepted Answer

The lining of the rectum is thin and more vulnerable to tears or abrasions, which can make it easier for the virus to enter the body. Additionally, the rectum does not naturally produce lubrication like the vagina, which can further increase the risk of tears and abrasions during intercourse. The presence of semen and feces within the rectum does not necessarily help the virus develop, and the virus cannot enter the stomach through the digestive system. While there may be some differences in antibody binding in the rectum compared to other areas of the body, this is not the main reason why anal intercourse is so risky for HIV transmission.

Question 3

Since the epidemic began, the proportion of AIDS diagnoses among Whites has

Accepted Answer

The proportion of AIDS diagnoses among Whites has decreased, while the proportion among Blacks has increased, reflecting disparities in healthcare access, socioeconomic factors, and prevention efforts.

Question 4

Which of the following is true of the sexual transmission of HIV virus?

Accepted Answer

Adolescent females are more susceptible to HIV than older women because their immature cervixes are more easily infected. The other options, A, B, and C, are all false. Withdrawal or pulling out before ejaculation does not protect against HIV transmission because pre-cum (pre-seminal fluid) can still contain the virus. Exposure to certain body fluids, including blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid, and rectal fluids, can put an individual at risk for acquiring HIV. In unprotected anal sex, both partners are at risk for HIV transmission.

Question 5

Niya contracts HIV as a result of having sexual intercourse with her boyfriend who is infected with HIV. She gets pregnant, and months later, she gives birth to a healthy baby boy. Given that her baby has not contracted HIV yet, which of the following must she do in order to ensure that her baby is HIV-free?

Accepted Answer

HIV can be transmitted through breast milk, so Niya should refrain from breastfeeding her baby to ensure that he remains HIV-free. It is important for her to consult with her healthcare provider for guidance on safe feeding alternatives for her baby. The virus cannot be transmitted through saliva, tears, sweat, cuddling, or kissing.

Question 6

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), how many million people have died of AIDS worldwide?

Accepted Answer

According to WHO and UNAIDS, as of 2020, approximately 35 million people have died of AIDS worldwide.

Question 7

Which of the following is a myth connected with AIDS?

Accepted Answer

HIV cannot be transmitted through contact with toilet seats, as the virus is not able to survive outside the body for long periods of time.

Question 8

The World Health Organization (WHO) and Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) state that the rates of new HIV infections are

Accepted Answer

According to the WHO and UNAIDS, the rates of new HIV infections are declining all over the world. This is due to increased access to prevention strategies, such as antiretroviral medication and safe sex education. While there are still areas of concern and localized epidemics, overall HIV infection rates have been decreasing globally in recent years.

Question 9

In the context of sexual transmission, who among the following is at a higher risk of contracting HIV than others?

Accepted Answer

Unprotected anal sex has been identified as the sexual activity with the highest risk for HIV transmission due to the thinner lining of the rectum, which has a higher concentration of immune cells that is more susceptible to HIV infection compared to other body parts. Cunnilingus and open-mouth kissing pose a lower risk for HIV transmission as the virus is primarily spread through blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. Sharing a toilet seat does not pose a risk for HIV transmission as the virus cannot survive outside the body for long periods of time.

Question 10

When HIV is diagnosed before or during pregnancy, if appropriate medical treatment is given, the virus becomes undetectable; if the mother does not breastfeed, HIV transmission to the baby or child can be reduced to less than

Accepted Answer

With appropriate medical treatment and precautions, the transmission rate of HIV from mother to child can be reduced to less than 1%. This is why early diagnosis and treatment is crucial for pregnant women living with HIV.

Question 11

Which of the following is a direct route of HIV transmission?

Accepted Answer

Injecting drugs with contaminated needles is a direct route of HIV transmission. HIV can enter the bloodstream through shared needles, putting the person at risk of contracting the virus. Drinking, ingesting drugs, and smoking do not directly transmit HIV.

Question 12

Which of the following is a way in which HIV can be transmitted?

Accepted Answer

HIV can be transmitted through sharing sex toys as it can enter the body through open wounds or mucous membranes. Closed-mouth kissing, sharing plates and glasses, hugging, and shaking hands do not transmit HIV as the virus does not spread through saliva, sweat, or casual contact.

Question 13

Which of the following is considered to be the most risky sexual behavior?

Accepted Answer

Unprotected anal sex is considered the most risky sexual behavior as it has a higher chance of transmission of STIs/HIV due to the fragility of the anal tissues and potential tearing during intercourse.

Question 14

Which of the following has never been shown to result in the transmission of HIV?

Accepted Answer

HIV is not transmitted through sweat as the virus is not present in sweat. Pre-seminal fluid, semen, and breast milk can all contain HIV and can potentially transmit the virus.

Question 15

Through which of the following body fluids is AIDS transmissible?

Accepted Answer

AIDS is primarily transmitted through sexual activity or sharing needles with an infected person, which can introduce infected blood into the body. Semen is one of the bodily fluids that can carry the virus. Sweat and tears do not typically carry enough of the virus to transmit the disease, and casual contact like shaking hands or hugging does not pose a risk.

Question 16

After a teenager in the neighborhood was diagnosed with HIV, Mark would not allow his teenage children to use the public toilets in that area fearing they could get infected too. Which of the following statements is true in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

HIV is not transmitted through the usage of same toilet seats. Routes of HIV transmission are well-documented. There is no danger. Mark's fear is unfounded and discriminatory towards the teenager who was diagnosed with HIV. It is important to educate oneself on the facts about HIV transmission and not discriminate against those living with the virus.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE of the possibility of contracting HIV through sexual transmission?

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the highest oral sex risk for HIV transmission is from performing oral sex on an HIV-infected man and having the man ejaculate in the partner's mouth. The other options listed are not accurate.

Question 18

Both men and women are at a maximum risk for HIV transmission when they engage in

Accepted Answer

Unprotected anal intercourse carries the highest risk of HIV transmission as the lining of the rectum is more susceptible to tears and abrasions, allowing for direct entry of the virus into the bloodstream. It is important for individuals engaging in this activity to use barrier methods such as condoms to reduce the risk of transmission.

Question 19

Which of the following can increase the risk of HIV infection?

Accepted Answer

Having multiple sex partners is a high-risk behavior for HIV infection. HIV can be transmitted through sexual contact with an infected person, especially if no protective measures such as condoms are used during sex. The other choices, eating food prepared by an HIV-infected food handler, donating blood, and cuddling with an HIV-infected person, do not increase the risk of HIV infection. HIV is not transmitted through casual contact or through food. Donating blood involves strict screening processes to ensure the safety of the blood supply. Cuddling with an HIV-infected person also does not pose a risk of transmission unless there is exchange of bodily fluids.

Question 20

Of the following sexual behaviors which is considered to have the lowest risk of contracting HIV?

Accepted Answer

Among the given options, oral sex has the lowest risk of contracting HIV. However, it is not completely risk-free and the risk can increase if there are open sores or bleeding gums in the mouth or if the person performing oral sex has cuts or sores on their lips or mouth. It is always recommended to use condoms or dental dams during oral sex to reduce the risk of HIV transmission.

Quiz 16: Hiv and Aids