Question 1

Which blood vessels supplies blood to the pericardium, mediastinum, and the diaphragm?

Accepted Answer

The internal mammary artery supplies blood to the pericardium, mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The other options (ventral thoracic artery, vertebral artery, and internal maxillary artery) do not supply blood to these specific regions.

Question 2

Identify the arterial vessel that gives rise to all major arteries EXCEPT those that supply the lungs.

Accepted Answer

The aorta is the primary arterial vessel that gives rise to all major arteries except for those that supply the lungs, which arise from the pulmonary trunk. The celiac trunk gives rise to some major arteries that supply the gastrointestinal organs, but it is not the primary vessel for all major arteries. The ligamentum arteriosum and anterior vena cava are not arterial vessels.

Question 3

The external iliac artery continues into the hindlimb as the ________.

Accepted Answer

The femoral artery is the continuation of the external iliac artery into the hindlimb, and it supplies blood to the thigh and pelvic regions. The posterior tibial artery, popliteal artery, and anterior tibial artery are all located in the lower leg and foot, and are not directly related to the external iliac artery.

Question 4

In humans, the large vessel that drains blood from the head, neck, and upper limbs is called the ________ vena cava; in pigs this vessel is called the ________ vena cava.

Accepted Answer

In humans, the large vessel that drains blood from the head, neck, and upper limbs is called the superior vena cava. In pigs, this vessel is referred to as the anterior vena cava.

Question 5

The fetal pulmonary trunk is attached to the fetal aorta via the ________.

Accepted Answer

The ductus arteriosus is a fetal blood vessel that connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta, allowing most of the blood to bypass the lungs since they are not yet functional in the fetus. Once the baby is born, the ductus arteriosus usually closes within a few days, becoming a ligament known as the ligamentum arteriosum.

Question 6

Which blood vessel supplies blood to the deep muscles of the neck and shoulder and to the first two costal interspaces?

Accepted Answer

The costocervical artery supplies blood to the deep muscles of the neck and shoulder and to the first two costal interspaces. The ventral thoracic artery and long thoracic artery supply blood to the thoracic region. The intercostal artery supplies blood to the intercostal muscles and the subscapular artery supplies blood to the scapular region.

Question 7

Like humans, pigs have a common iliac artery that gives rise to the external and internal iliac arteries.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The pig's anatomy is similar to humans in many ways, including the common iliac artery branching into the external and internal iliac arteries.

Question 8

Blood leaving the right ventricle enters which blood vessel?

Accepted Answer

Blood leaving the right ventricle enters the pulmonary trunk, which branches into the right and left pulmonary arteries to carry blood to the lungs for oxygenation.

Question 9

As the aorta extends posteriorly beyond the diaphragm, it is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

The abdominal aorta is the portion of the aorta that extends posteriorly beyond the diaphragm and into the abdominal cavity. The thoracic aorta refers to the portion of the aorta located within the thoracic cavity, while the aortic arch is the curved portion of the aorta that extends upward from the heart.

Question 10

List the blood vessels that a drop of blood will pass through as it leaves the abdominal aorta and moves distally toward the paw of the hindlimb:
1 Femoral artery
2 External iliac
3 Posterior tibial artery
4 Popliteal artery

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence for a drop of blood leaving the abdominal aorta and moving toward the paw of the hindlimb is: external iliac artery, femoral artery, popliteal artery, and then posterior tibial artery. This reflects the general path of arterial blood flow from the main body (abdominal aorta) to a limb (hindlimb).

Question 11

Identify the aortic arch in the following figure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the aortic arch in the following...

Question 12

Which artery carries blood from the abdominal aorta to the hindlimbs?

Accepted Answer

The external iliac artery carries blood from the abdominal aorta to the hindlimbs.

Question 13

As the axillary artery enters the forelimb, it becomes the ________.

Accepted Answer

The axillary artery becomes the brachial artery as it enters the forelimb.

Question 14

Identify the deep femoral artery in the following figure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the deep femoral artery in the...

Question 15

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lung to the left atrium of the heart?

Accepted Answer

The pulmonary vein is the only vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The posterior and anterior vena cava are veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium of the heart.

Question 16

The human aortic arch has three major branches: the brachiocephalic, the left common carotid, and the left subclavian artery. Which of these three arteries does NOT branch off from the aortic arch in a pig?

Accepted Answer

In pigs, the left common carotid artery typically branches off from the brachiocephalic artery rather than directly from the aortic arch, unlike in humans where it branches directly from the aortic arch.

Question 17

Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

Accepted Answer

Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

Question 18

Which artery supplies blood to the brachium?

Accepted Answer

The axillary artery is the main artery that supplies blood to the brachium. It is a continuation of the subclavian artery and it runs from the lateral border of the first rib to the lower border of the teres major muscle, where it becomes the brachial artery. The other arteries listed do not supply blood to the brachium.

Question 19

The celiac trunk divides into two main branches: the gastrosplenic artery and the ________ artery.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is A) gastrohepatic artery. The celiac trunk divides into three main branches: the left gastric artery, the splenic artery, and the common hepatic artery. The common hepatic artery then divides into the gastroduodenal artery and the proper hepatic artery, which further branches into the right hepatic artery and the left hepatic artery. The gastroduodenal artery supplies blood to the stomach and duodenum, while the proper hepatic artery supplies blood to the liver. The gastrohepatic artery is a branch of the proper hepatic artery and supplies blood to the stomach and lesser omentum.

Question 20

The celiac trunk branches off the ________.

Accepted Answer

The celiac trunk branches off directly from the abdominal aorta, which supplies oxygenated blood to the abdominal organs.

Quiz 51: Pig Circulatory System