Question 1

Which structure protects seed plants' embryos from desiccation?

Accepted Answer

The integuments, also known as the seed coat, is a protective layer surrounding the embryo of a seed plant. It helps the embryo to survive and develop even when the seed is exposed to harsh environmental conditions, such as desiccation. None of the other choices mentioned provide protection from desiccation specifically.

Question 2

Which of the following are structures of angiosperm gametophytes?

Accepted Answer

Pollen tubes are structures of angiosperm gametophytes, while immature ovules, ovaries, stamens, and sepals are structures of the sporophyte generation.

Question 3

Arrange the following structures from largest to smallest,assuming that they belong to two generations of the same angiosperm.
1)ovary
2)ovule
3)egg
4)carpel

Accepted Answer

The correct order from largest to smallest is carpel, ovary, ovule, and egg. The carpel is the outermost structure that contains the ovary. The ovary houses the ovules, and the ovules contain the eggs.

Question 4

Which group is noted for the independence of gametophyte and sporophyte generations from each other?

Accepted Answer

Ferns are noted for the independence of gametophyte and sporophyte generations from each other, with both generations living as free-living organisms.

Question 5

What adaptations should one expect of the seed coats of angiosperm species whose seeds are dispersed by frugivorous (fruit-eating)animals,as opposed to angiosperm species whose seeds are dispersed by other means?
1)The exterior of the seed coat should have barbs or hooks.
2)The seed coat should contain secondary compounds that irritate the lining of the animal's mouth.
3)The seed coat should be able to withstand low pH environments.
4)The seed coat,upon its complete digestion,should provide vitamins or nutrients to animals.
5)The seed coat should be resistant to the animals' digestive enzymes.

Accepted Answer

The seed coat of angiosperms dispersed by frugivorous animals should be resistant to the animals' digestive enzymes to survive digestion and be able to germinate. They do not need barbs or hooks as the fruit is already an attractant for animals. Secondary compounds in the seed coat that irritate the mouth lining are more likely to deter animals from eating them. The seed coat does not need to withstand low pH environments as it will already be broken down during digestion. Providing vitamins or nutrients to animals is not necessary for seed dispersal, as the primary goal is to distribute the seeds away from the parent plant.

Question 6

Suppose that the cells of seed plants,like the skin cells of humans,produce a pigment upon increased exposure to UV radiation.Rank the following cells,from greatest to least,in terms of the likelihood of producing this pigment.
1)cells of sporangium
2)cells in the interior of a subterranean root
3)epidermal cells of sporophyte megaphylls
4)cells of a gametophyte

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose that the cells of seed plants,like...

Question 7

Which of the following flower parts develops into a seed?

Accepted Answer

The ovule is the part of the flower that develops into a seed after it is fertilized by the pollen from the stamen. The ovary develops into a fruit which may contain seeds, but it is not the part that directly becomes a seed. The stamen is the male reproductive organ of the flower and does not develop into a seed.

Question 8

Which of the following flower parts develops into the pulp of a fleshy fruit?

Accepted Answer

The ovary is the flower part that encloses and protects the ovules. After fertilization, the ovules develop into seeds and the ovary walls thicken and mature into the flesh or pulp of a fleshy fruit. Therefore, the ovary develops into the pulp of a fleshy fruit.

Question 9

How have fruits contributed to the success of angiosperms?

Accepted Answer

Fruits have contributed to the success of angiosperms mainly by facilitating the dispersal of seeds. Fruits provide a protective covering and often attract animals through their attractive colors and sweet taste, who then consume the fruit and disperse the seeds through the environment. This allows the plant to spread its seeds further, increasing the likelihood of successful reproduction and survival. While fruits may also nourish the plant or attract insects for pollination, these functions are not directly related to the success of angiosperms.

Question 10

Arrange the following in the correct sequence,from earliest to most recent,in which these plant traits originated.
1)sporophyte dominance,gametophyte independence
2)sporophyte dominance,gametophyte dependence
3)gametophyte dominance,sporophyte dependence

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence reflects the evolutionary transition from gametophyte dominance with sporophyte dependence, seen in early non-vascular plants, to sporophyte dominance with gametophyte independence, characteristic of seed plants. Initially, gametophytes were the dominant phase, and sporophytes were dependent on them. Over time, sporophytes became dominant, and gametophytes became dependent on them, leading to the eventual evolution of seed plants where sporophytes are dominant and gametophytes are independent but greatly reduced in size and complexity.

Question 11

Which of the following sex and generation combinations most directly produces the megasporangium of pine ovules?

Accepted Answer

The megasporangium of pine ovules is part of the female sporophyte structure.

Question 12

Which of the following sex and generation combinations most directly produces the integument of a pine seed?

Accepted Answer

The integument of a pine seed is produced by the female sporophyte. The male gametophyte produces sperm cells and the female gametophyte, located within the ovule, produces the egg cell. However, it is the female sporophyte that surrounds the developing embryo and ultimately becomes the integument of the mature seed.

Question 13

The generative cell of male angiosperm gametophytes is haploid.This cell divides to produce two haploid sperm cells.What type of cell division does the generative cell undergo to produce these sperm cells?

Accepted Answer

The generative cell in male angiosperms undergoes mitosis, a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth. Since the generative cell is already haploid, mitosis ensures the production of two haploid sperm cells without changing the chromosome number.

Question 14

Which of the following is true concerning flowering plants?

Accepted Answer

The flower includes sporophyte tissue, specifically the reproductive structures including the ovules and pollen grains. This is in contrast to the gametophyte generation, which is the haploid generation that produces gametes. In flowering plants, the gametophyte generation is relatively small and is contained within the reproductive structures of the sporophyte generation. Therefore, choices B, C, D, and E are incorrect.

Question 15

Which of the following sex and generation combinations most directly produces the pollen tube?

Accepted Answer

The pollen tube is directly produced by the male gametophyte during fertilization. The female gametophyte plays a role in fertilization by producing the egg cell, but it does not directly produce the pollen tube. The sporophytes (both male and female) produce the spores that give rise to the gametophytes, but they do not themselves produce the pollen tube.

Question 16

Arrange the following structures,which can be found on male pine trees,from the largest structure to the smallest structure (or from most inclusive to least inclusive).
1)sporophyte
2)microspores
3)microsporangia
4)pollen cone
5)pollen nuclei

Accepted Answer

1) Sporophyte is the largest structure as it refers to the entire male pine tree.
2) Microspores are smaller and are produced within the microsporangia.
3) Microsporangia are even smaller and contain many microspores.
4) Pollen cones are the least inclusive of the structures listed, as they only refer to the cone-like structures produced by the tree to hold and release pollen.
5) Pollen nuclei are the smallest structures listed and are found within the microspores.

Question 17

What is true of stamens,sepals,petals,and carpels?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is true of stamens,sepals,petals,and carpels?
...

Question 18

Which of the following sex and generation combinations most directly produces the fruit?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following sex and generation...

Question 19

Which of the following is a true statement about angiosperm carpels?

Accepted Answer

Angiosperm carpels are structures that surround and nourish the female gametophyte, which is where the female gametes are produced. They are not features of the gametophyte generation and do not consist of an anther and stamen, which are both male reproductive structures. Carpels also do not directly produce male gametes and are not highly modified microsporangia. Therefore, choice D is the correct statement.

Question 20

Angiosperms are the most successful terrestrial plants.Which of the following features is unique to them and helps account for their success?

Accepted Answer

Fruits enclosing seeds are unique to angiosperms and provide a protected environment for the developing embryo, aiding in seed dispersal and increasing the chances of successful reproduction. This has contributed to their widespread success and dominance in terrestrial ecosystems.

Quiz 26: The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi