Question 1

Presidios and missions were built for and served the same purposes.

Accepted Answer

Presidios were built to protect the missions and settlements from attacks, while missions were built to convert Native Americans to Christianity and teach them European ways of life. Although they worked together, their purposes were distinct.

Question 2

In the election to recall Gray Davis in 2003,a total of ______ candidates were listed on the ballot to replace him.

Accepted Answer

In the 2003 election to recall Gray Davis, there were 135 candidates listed on the ballot to replace him. This unusually large number of candidates made the election notable and highly publicized.

Question 3

"Professionalization" is a term referring to the transformation of ______ into ______.

Accepted Answer

The term "professionalization" refers to the process of making something more professional, usually by making it a full-time, well-paid, and well-staffed operation. In the context of the question, the legislature is the entity that is being transformed into a more professional operation.

Question 4

California's experimentation with primary elections began with ______ and is currently being tested again with the ______.

Accepted Answer

California's experimentation with primary elections began with cross-filing and is currently being tested again with the Top-Two primary system.

Question 5

Demographic change can be seen in public schools,where Hispanics/Latinos constituted ______ of all children enrolled in K-12 schools in 2016-2017.

Accepted Answer

According to data from the National Center for Education Statistics, Hispanics/Latinos constituted 54% of all children enrolled in K-12 schools in the United States in 2016-2017.

Question 6

As a result of redistricting after 1965,political influence in the legislature passed from ______.

Accepted Answer

Redistricting after 1965 led to a shift in political influence from rural to urban interests. This was due to the creation of more urban districts and the consolidation of rural districts, leading to a concentration of power in urban areas. The South also experienced a shift in political influence during this time, but it was not the only region affected by redistricting. The shift in political influence was not based on seniority or the governor's office.

Question 7

Demographic change can be seen in public schools,where non-Hispanic Whites constituted approximately ______ of all children enrolled in K-12 schools in 2016-2017.

Accepted Answer

According to data from the National Center for Education Statistics, non-Hispanic Whites made up approximately 25% of all children enrolled in K-12 schools in the 2016-2017 academic year. This shows a significant decrease from previous years and highlights the ongoing demographic change in public schools.

Question 8

The political movement that brought direct democracy to California stayed within the state's borders,and to this day,no other states have direct democracy.

Accepted Answer

Several states in the United States, beyond California, have forms of direct democracy, including initiatives and referendums, allowing citizens to vote directly on laws and policies.

Question 9

Rebuking the Trump administration,Governor ______ has tried to be an environmental policy leader by establishing agreements with foreign heads of state and advancing California's greenhouse gas emission reduction efforts.

Accepted Answer

Jerry Brown is the current governor of California and has been a vocal opponent of the Trump administration's environmental policies. He has also worked to establish agreements with foreign leaders and advance California's efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Question 10

Jerry Brown has been allowed to serve a record four terms as governor of California because ______.

Accepted Answer

Jerry Brown served his first two terms as governor of California before term limits were enacted, which allowed him to serve two more terms after the term limits law was put in place.

Question 11

The process of shifting state prison inmates (those who have not committed sexual,violent,or serious crimes)to county jails and parole to reduce state prison overcrowding has been labeled ______.

Accepted Answer

Realignment refers to the process of shifting state prison inmates to county jails and parole to reduce state prison overcrowding. This term has been widely used in discussions and policies related to criminal justice reform in California, where such a measure was implemented in 2011 due to court-mandated population reduction in state prisons. The other options, B) recidivism refers to the tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend after release from prison, C) sanctuary refers to a policy in which local authorities limit cooperation with federal immigration enforcement, and D) rollback does not have any specific relation to this particular topic.

Question 12

The state legislature was transformed in 1966 by Proposition 1A,a measure that professionalized the lawmaking body by ______.

Accepted Answer

Proposition 1A granted higher salary, more staff, and longer sessions, which professionalized the lawmaking body. The other options are not related to the professionalization of the legislature.

Question 13

How did California redesign its legislature as a result of the Supreme Court's ruling in Reynolds v.Sims (1965)?

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court's ruling in Reynolds v. Sims required that representation in state legislatures had to be based on population. Therefore, California had to redesign its legislature to ensure that both the upper house (the Senate) and the lower house (the Assembly) were based on population. Option A and B are incorrect because they would violate the rule of representation based on population.

Question 14

After cross-filing was eliminated in the 1950s,which party became dominant?

Accepted Answer

After cross-filing was eliminated, the Democratic Party became dominant in many states, particularly in the Northeast and Midwest. Republicans struggled to win elections without the ability to attract crossover voters.

Question 15

Which is the anti-tax initiative that succeeded in 1978,essentially limiting taxes to 1% of a property's sale price?

Accepted Answer

Proposition 13 was the anti-tax initiative that succeeded in 1978, essentially limiting taxes to 1% of a property's sale price.

Question 16

One consequence of the "Top-Two" primary has been ______.

Accepted Answer

The "Top-Two" primary allows the top two candidates, regardless of party affiliation, to advance to the November general election. This means that in some cases, candidates from the same party can be competing against each other in the general election. This has been seen in states like California and Washington, where there have been races for Congress where two Democrats or two Republicans were the only options on the ballot in November.

Question 17

Approximately when are (or were)Latinos projected to become an absolute majority (over 50%)?

Accepted Answer

According to projections from the US Census Bureau, Latinos are expected to become an absolute majority in the US around 2050, based on current demographic trends.

Question 18

Population increases during the latter half of the 20th century reflected migration from the Rust Belt to the Sun Belt,as well as immigration from ______.

Accepted Answer

Migration from the Rust Belt to the Sun Belt was one factor in the population increase during the latter half of the 20th century, but immigration from Mexico, Central America, and Vietnam also contributed to the growth.

Question 19

As run-down,aging California neighborhoods are revitalized and become thriving,trendy areas that attract higher-income residents,the lower-income residents who previously lived in the area are displaced--a phenomenon known as ______.

Accepted Answer

Gentrification is the process of revitalizing a neighborhood or urban area, usually involving the renovation of housing and attracting wealthier people, which often leads to the displacement of original, lower-income residents.

Question 20

The nation's first law regulating greenhouse gas emissions was signed into law by Gov.Schwarzenegger,and is titled ______.

Accepted Answer

AB 32, or the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, was signed into law by Gov. Schwarzenegger and regulates greenhouse gas emissions in California. Proposition 11 is related to redistricting, the DREAM Act pertains to education and immigration, and the Clean Air Act is a federal law regulating air pollution.

Quiz 2: Critical Junctures