Question 1

Which cation in each set is expected to have the larger (more negative) hydration energy? I Be²⁺ or Ca²⁺ II Rb⁺ or Zn²⁺

Accepted Answer

Be²⁺ has a smaller ionic radius and higher charge density than Ca²⁺, leading to more negative hydration energy. Zn²⁺ has a higher charge and smaller size compared to Rb⁺, resulting in more negative hydration energy.

Question 2

Identify the classification of opal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the classification of opal.
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Question 3

Choose the aqueous solution with the lowest vapour pressure. These are all solutions of nonvolatile solutes and you should assume ideal van't Hoff factors where applicable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Choose the aqueous solution with the lowest...

Question 4

Choose the aqueous solution with the highest vapour pressure. These are all solutions of nonvolatile solutes and you should assume ideal van't Hoff factors where applicable.

Accepted Answer

All solutions have the same concentration of nonvolatile solute and are assumed to have ideal van't Hoff factors, so they all lower the vapor pressure of water to the same extent.

Question 5

The boiling point of an aqueous 1.83 mol kg^-1 (NH₄)₂SO₄ (molar mass = 132.15 g mol^-1) solution is 102.5 °C. Determine the value of the van't Hoff factor for this solute if the K_b for water is 0.512 °C m^-1.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The boiling point of an aqueous 1.83...

Question 6

The Henry's law constant for helium gas in water at 30 °C is 3.70 × mol L^-1 bar^-1. When the partial pressure of helium above a sample of water is 0.450 bar, the concentration of helium in the water is ________ mol L^-1.

Accepted Answer

From Henry's law, we know that concentration of gas in water = Henry's law constant × partial pressure of gas above water Plugging in the given values, we get: concentration of helium in water = (3.70 × 10eacb30_68fd_beb9_b5a4_77fb6c900833_TB7901_11_TB7901_11 mol L^-1 bar^-1) × (0.450 bar) = 1.665 mol L^-1 Rounding off to two significant figures, we get: concentration of helium in water = 1.7 × 10eacb30_68fd_beb9_b5a4_77fb6c900833_TB7901_11_TB7901_11 mol L^-1 The answer closest to this is (C) 1.67 × 10eacb30_68fd_beb9_b5a4_77fb6c900833_TB7901_11_TB7901_11 mol L^-1.

Question 7

Choose the aqueous solution below with the lowest freezing point. These are all solutions of nonvolatile solutes and you should assume ideal van't Hoff factors where applicable.

Accepted Answer

The freezing point depression is proportional to the van't Hoff factor (i), which is the number of particles the solute dissociates into. (NH4)3PO4 dissociates into 4 ions (3 NH4+ and 1 PO4^3-), resulting in the highest van't Hoff factor among the options, thus the lowest freezing point.

Question 8

Identify the classification of milk.

Accepted Answer

Milk is classified as an emulsion, which is a mixture of two immiscible substances, in this case, fat and water.

Question 9

Choose the aqueous solution that has the highest boiling point. These are all solutions of nonvolatile solutes and you should assume ideal van't Hoff factors where applicable.

Accepted Answer

AlCl3 dissociates into 4 ions (1 Al3+ and 3 Cl-), leading to the highest van't Hoff factor, which results in the greatest boiling point elevation among the given solutions.

Question 10

What is the expected van't Hoff factor for MgCl₂? (Assume dilute conditions)

Accepted Answer

The van't Hoff factor for MgCl2 is 3 because it dissociates into three ions in solution: one Mg^2+ ion and two Cl^- ions.

Question 11

Define smoke as a colloid.

Accepted Answer

Smoke is a type of aerosol, which is a colloid in which solid particles are dispersed in a gas.

Question 12

Identify the classification of whipped cream.

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

Solutions having osmotic pressures less than those of body fluids are called ________.

Accepted Answer

Solutions having osmotic pressures less than those of body fluids are called hyposmotic.

Question 14

What is the expected van't Hoff factor for MgSO₄? (Assume dilute conditions)

Accepted Answer

The van't Hoff factor, i, is a measure of the number of particles that a solute molecule dissociates into when it is dissolved in solution. Since MgSO₄ is an ionic compound, it will dissociate into Mg2+ and SO42- ions in water. Each of these ions will contribute to the overall concentration of particles in solution, so the expected van't Hoff factor will be the sum of the number of Mg2+ and SO42- ions produced. MgSO₄ dissociates into 2 ions: Mg2+ and SO42-. Therefore, the expected van't Hoff factor is 2.

Question 15

Fluids used for an intravenous transfusion must be ________ with bodily fluids.

Accepted Answer

Intravenous fluids must maintain an osmotic balance with bodily fluids to prevent damage to cells and tissues. Isosmotic fluids have the same concentration of solutes as bodily fluids, and therefore will not cause any shifts in fluid or electrolyte balance. Hyperosmotic fluids have a higher concentration of solutes and can cause cells to shrink, while hyposmotic fluids have a lower concentration of solutes and can cause cells to swell and potentially burst. Neosmotic and magnosmotic are not terms used in the context of intravenous fluid therapy.

Question 16

What is the expected van't Hoff factor for FeCl₃? (Assume dilute conditions)

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the expected van't Hoff factor...

Question 17

Choose the aqueous solution that has the highest boiling point. These are all solutions of nonvolatile solutes and you should assume ideal van't Hoff factors where applicable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Choose the aqueous solution that has the...

Question 18

A solution of methanol and water has a vapour pressure of 213 Torr. What would you predict as the mole fractions of each component, assuming ideal behaviour? The vapour pressures of methanol and water are 256 Torr and 55.3 Torr, respectively.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A solution of methanol and water has...

Question 19

A solution of methanol and water has a vapour pressure of 248 Torr. What would you predict as the mole fractions of each component, assuming ideal behaviour? The vapour pressures of methanol and water are 256 Torr and 55.3 Torr, respectively.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A solution of methanol and water has...

Question 20

Choose the aqueous solution below with the highest freezing point. These are all solutions of nonvolatile solutes and you should assume ideal van't Hoff factors where applicable.

Accepted Answer

The freezing point depression depends on the number of particles in solution. HOCH₂CH₂OH (ethylene glycol) does not dissociate into ions, so it has the lowest van't Hoff factor (i = 1), resulting in the least depression of the freezing point compared to the other ionic compounds which dissociate into multiple ions.

Quiz 12: Solutions

Which cation in each set is expected to have the larger (more negative) hydration energy? I Be²⁺ or Ca²⁺ II Rb⁺ or Zn²⁺

Identify the classification of opal.

Choose the aqueous solution with the lowest vapour pressure. These are all solutions of nonvolatile solutes and you should assume ideal van't Hoff factors where applicable.

Choose the aqueous solution with the highest vapour pressure. These are all solutions of nonvolatile solutes and you should assume ideal van't Hoff factors where applicable.

The boiling point of an aqueous 1.83 mol kg^-1 (NH₄) ₂SO₄ (molar mass = 132.15 g mol^-1) solution is 102.5 °C. Determine the value of the van't Hoff factor for this solute if the K_b for water is 0.512 °C m^-1.

The Henry's law constant for helium gas in water at 30 °C is 3.70 × mol L^-1 bar^-1. When the partial pressure of helium above a sample of water is 0.450 bar, the concentration of helium in the water is ________ mol L^-1.

Choose the aqueous solution below with the lowest freezing point. These are all solutions of nonvolatile solutes and you should assume ideal van't Hoff factors where applicable.

Identify the classification of milk.

Choose the aqueous solution that has the highest boiling point. These are all solutions of nonvolatile solutes and you should assume ideal van't Hoff factors where applicable.

What is the expected van't Hoff factor for MgCl₂? (Assume dilute conditions)

Define smoke as a colloid.

Identify the classification of whipped cream.

Solutions having osmotic pressures less than those of body fluids are called ________.

What is the expected van't Hoff factor for MgSO₄? (Assume dilute conditions)

Fluids used for an intravenous transfusion must be ________ with bodily fluids.

What is the expected van't Hoff factor for FeCl₃? (Assume dilute conditions)

Choose the aqueous solution that has the highest boiling point. These are all solutions of nonvolatile solutes and you should assume ideal van't Hoff factors where applicable.

A solution of methanol and water has a vapour pressure of 213 Torr. What would you predict as the mole fractions of each component, assuming ideal behaviour? The vapour pressures of methanol and water are 256 Torr and 55.3 Torr, respectively.

A solution of methanol and water has a vapour pressure of 248 Torr. What would you predict as the mole fractions of each component, assuming ideal behaviour? The vapour pressures of methanol and water are 256 Torr and 55.3 Torr, respectively.

Choose the aqueous solution below with the highest freezing point. These are all solutions of nonvolatile solutes and you should assume ideal van't Hoff factors where applicable.

Quiz 12: Solutions

Which cation in each set is expected to have the larger (more negative) hydration energy? I Be2+ or Ca2+ II Rb+ or Zn2+

Identify the classification of opal.

Choose the aqueous solution with the lowest vapour pressure. These are all solutions of nonvolatile solutes and you should assume ideal van't Hoff factors where applicable.

Choose the aqueous solution with the highest vapour pressure. These are all solutions of nonvolatile solutes and you should assume ideal van't Hoff factors where applicable.

The boiling point of an aqueous 1.83 mol kg-1 (NH4) 2SO4 (molar mass = 132.15 g mol-1) solution is 102.5 °C. Determine the value of the van't Hoff factor for this solute if the Kb for water is 0.512 °C m-1.

The Henry's law constant for helium gas in water at 30 °C is 3.70 × mol L-1 bar-1. When the partial pressure of helium above a sample of water is 0.450 bar, the concentration of helium in the water is ________ mol L-1.

Choose the aqueous solution below with the lowest freezing point. These are all solutions of nonvolatile solutes and you should assume ideal van't Hoff factors where applicable.

Identify the classification of milk.

Choose the aqueous solution that has the highest boiling point. These are all solutions of nonvolatile solutes and you should assume ideal van't Hoff factors where applicable.

What is the expected van't Hoff factor for MgCl2? (Assume dilute conditions)

Define smoke as a colloid.

Identify the classification of whipped cream.

Solutions having osmotic pressures less than those of body fluids are called ________.

What is the expected van't Hoff factor for MgSO4? (Assume dilute conditions)

Fluids used for an intravenous transfusion must be ________ with bodily fluids.

What is the expected van't Hoff factor for FeCl3? (Assume dilute conditions)

Choose the aqueous solution that has the highest boiling point. These are all solutions of nonvolatile solutes and you should assume ideal van't Hoff factors where applicable.

A solution of methanol and water has a vapour pressure of 213 Torr. What would you predict as the mole fractions of each component, assuming ideal behaviour? The vapour pressures of methanol and water are 256 Torr and 55.3 Torr, respectively.

A solution of methanol and water has a vapour pressure of 248 Torr. What would you predict as the mole fractions of each component, assuming ideal behaviour? The vapour pressures of methanol and water are 256 Torr and 55.3 Torr, respectively.

Choose the aqueous solution below with the highest freezing point. These are all solutions of nonvolatile solutes and you should assume ideal van't Hoff factors where applicable.

Which cation in each set is expected to have the larger (more negative) hydration energy? I Be²⁺ or Ca²⁺ II Rb⁺ or Zn²⁺

The boiling point of an aqueous 1.83 mol kg^-1 (NH₄) ₂SO₄ (molar mass = 132.15 g mol^-1) solution is 102.5 °C. Determine the value of the van't Hoff factor for this solute if the K_b for water is 0.512 °C m^-1.

The Henry's law constant for helium gas in water at 30 °C is 3.70 × mol L^-1 bar^-1. When the partial pressure of helium above a sample of water is 0.450 bar, the concentration of helium in the water is ________ mol L^-1.

What is the expected van't Hoff factor for MgCl₂? (Assume dilute conditions)

What is the expected van't Hoff factor for MgSO₄? (Assume dilute conditions)

What is the expected van't Hoff factor for FeCl₃? (Assume dilute conditions)