Question 1

Which of the following are the key dimensions of temperament proposed by Buss and Plomin?

Accepted Answer

Buss and Plomin proposed three key dimensions of temperament: sociability, activity level, and emotionality. Choice A is incorrect because neuroticism is not one of the key dimensions proposed by Buss and Plomin. Choice C is incorrect because agreeableness is not one of the key dimensions proposed by Buss and Plomin. Choice D is incorrect because agreeableness is not one of the key dimensions proposed by Buss and Plomin. Choice E is incorrect because conscientiousness is not one of the key dimensions proposed by Buss and Plomin.

Question 2

Anna trusts almost everyone and is generous and affectionate with her family and friends. Anna would score high in

Accepted Answer

Anna's trust and generosity towards others suggest a high level of agreeableness, which entails being cooperative, empathetic, and kind. The other options do not align with Anna's personality traits as described in the scenario.

Question 3

The temperament dimensions of inhibition and anxiety

Accepted Answer

The temperament dimensions of inhibition and anxiety reflect a tendency to respond with fear or withdraw from new people, situations or objects. This is in contrast to high scores on extraversion or openness, and does not necessarily contribute to low scores on neuroticism at later ages. The dimensions are also not the basis of emotionality as emotions can be influenced by a variety of factors, including biological, environmental and social factors.

Question 4

The temperament dimension of effortful control has been hypothesized as a precursor of which of the Big Five personality traits?

Accepted Answer

Effortful control is characterized by self-regulation, attentional control, and inhibitory control. These traits are associated with conscientiousness, which encompasses traits of self-discipline, responsibility, and organization.

Question 5

According to Rothbart (2011), the patterns of behavior we display in our earliest months

Accepted Answer

Rothbart (2011) suggests that the patterns of behavior we display in our earliest months, which are indicative of our temperament, tend to stay with us throughout our lives.

Question 6

Psychologists use the word "personality" to describe

Accepted Answer

Personality refers to an individual's enduring pattern of responses to and interactions with others and the environment over time. It is a stable and consistent pattern that guides individuals in their thoughts, emotions, behavior, and social interactions. Temporary individual differences in behavior are not considered as part of one's personality. The common patterns in children's social, physical, and cognitive development refer to developmental stages, not personality. Differences in the ways children and adults relate to people and the world around them can be influenced by personality, but they do not fully capture the concept of personality. How well-liked individuals are by the people in their social network is a reflection of social popularity or social acceptance, but it may not directly relate to personality.

Question 7

Ricardo is an efficient, organized, thorough business executive. He would score high in

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness refers to the degree to which a person is reliable, responsible, organized, and persistent in pursuing goals. Ricardo's description aligns with this trait, as he is described as efficient, organized, and thorough in his work.

Question 8

The extent and strength of a person's impulse control is the basic feature of the Big Five trait of

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness is a personality trait associated with being responsible, organized, and self-disciplined. Impulse control is a key aspect of self-discipline, therefore, a person high in conscientiousness is likely to have better impulse control.

Question 9

All of the following are characteristic of the Big Five trait of agreeableness EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Enthusiastic is not a characteristic of the Big Five trait of agreeableness. The other options (affectionate, forgiving, generous, and trusting) are all associated with high levels of agreeableness.

Question 10

Murray is enthusiastic about whatever he does and talks to anyone he meets. He would score high on which dimension of personality?

Accepted Answer

Murray's enthusiasm and willingness to talk to anyone suggest a high level of extraversion, which is characterized by outgoing, sociable, and talkative behaviors.

Question 11

Which Big Five trait includes the qualities of anxious, self-pitying, tense, touchy, unstable, and worrying?

Accepted Answer

These qualities are all associated with the trait of neuroticism, which encompasses the tendency towards negative emotions and instability. The other traits listed (openness, intellect, extraversion, and conscientiousness) do not include these specific qualities.

Question 12

Research by Jerome Kagan has focused primarily on which dimension of temperament?

Accepted Answer

Jerome Kagan's research has primarily focused on the dimension of temperament known as behavioral inhibition, which refers to a tendency to be cautious, fearful, and avoidant in new or unfamiliar situations.

Question 13

Juanita is extremely creative, imaginative, and insightful, indicating that when she grows up, she wil probably score high on the Big Five Traits of

Accepted Answer

Juanita's creativity, imagination, and insightfulness suggest that she possesses a high degree of openness to experience and intellect, which are key components of the Big Five trait known as openness.

Question 14

The depth, complexity, and quality of a person's mental and experiential life is the Big Five trait of

Accepted Answer

The Big Five trait that describes the depth, complexity, and quality of a person's mental and experiential life is openness/intellect. This trait encompasses creativity, imagination, and openness to new experiences and ideas. It also includes a tendency towards introspection and a willingness to question one's own beliefs and assumptions.

Question 15

All of the following are major dimensions referred to as the Big Five EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Morality is not one of the Big Five dimensions of personality. The Big Five include extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness/intellect, and neuroticism/emotional stability.

Question 16

All of the following temperaments/traits belong together EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

All of the other choices refer to negative aspects of temperament or personality, while approach refers to an individual's level of engagement or interest in a particular task or goal.

Question 17

According to Thomas and Chess, the concept of "goodness-of-fit" refers to

Accepted Answer

Goodness-of-fit refers to the match between a child's temperament and the characteristics of their environment, including parenting style, cultural values, and broader social context. Thomas and Chess found that an environment which is appropriate for a child's temperament may be more important than the child's temperament itself in shaping outcomes such as academic performance and emotional well-being. Other choices either do not accurately reflect this concept or are only partially correct.

Question 18

Kelvin is very sociable, enthusiastic, generous, and forgiving. As an adult, he will score high on

Accepted Answer

Kelvin's traits of being sociable, enthusiastic, generous, and forgiving indicate high levels of extraversion and agreeableness.

Question 19

Difficult, easy, and slow-to-warm-up temperaments were first described by

Accepted Answer

Difficult, easy, and slow-to-warm-up temperaments were first described by Chess and Thomas.

Question 20

Which of the following is characteristic of someone high in extraversion?

Accepted Answer

Someone high in extraversion tends to be enthusiastic about social interaction and experiences.

Quiz 9: Personality Development: Alternative Views