Question 1

Psychoactive substances

Accepted Answer

Psychoactive substances are defined as substances that impact cognitive and affective processes and alter the way a person behaves when ingested. This category includes both legal and illicit drugs, such as caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine, among others. Antibiotics and soda do not fall under this category.

Question 2

Which of the following individuals would be MOST at risk for developing alcoholism?

Accepted Answer

B

Question 3

Adolescence is a particularly vulnerable time for health compromising behaviours.

Accepted Answer

Adolescents are known to engage in risky behaviours such as smoking, drinking alcohol, and drug use during this period, which puts their health at risk. They may also develop unhealthy eating habits and lack physical activity, leading to obesity and other health issues.

Question 4

Since he stopped smoking last week, John complains about fighting the urge for a cigarette, especially when he is around other smokers. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

John's experience of fighting the urge for a cigarette, especially in the presence of other smokers, is an example of craving, which is a strong desire to consume a substance.

Question 5

Many successful treatment programs have attempted to provide alcoholics with

Accepted Answer

Providing alcoholics with relaxation, assertiveness, and social skills training has been found to be the most effective in helping them overcome their addiction. This approach addresses not just the physical dependence on alcohol, but also the emotional and social factors that contribute to it. By learning how to cope with stress, communicate effectively, and build positive relationships, individuals are better equipped to resist the temptation to drink.

Question 6

Compared to persons with more long-term drinking problems, people who become problem drinkers in late middle age are

Accepted Answer

People who become problem drinkers in late middle age are more likely to use problem drinking as a coping method for managing stress. They may experience more stressors than younger problem drinkers, such as retirement, health issues, or financial difficulties, and thus turn to alcohol as a way to numb their stress or anxiety. This may make it harder for them to quit or control their drinking compared to those with a longer history of alcohol abuse.

Question 7

Who is more likely to use prescription drugs without medical supervision?

Accepted Answer

Individuals who engage in daily smoking are more likely to use prescription drugs without medical supervision. This is due to the fact that smoking and substance abuse often co-occur, and individuals who engage in one behavior may be more likely to engage in the other. The other answer choices do not have a clear correlation with prescription drug misuse.

Question 8

The philosophy of is a commitment to the concept of self-help.

Accepted Answer

The philosophy of self-help is a core principle of Alcoholics Anonymous. The organization believes that alcoholism is a disease that can only be managed through abstinence, with the help of a higher power and a supportive community of fellow recovering alcoholics. The program encourages individuals to take personal responsibility for their own recovery and to support others in their journey.

Question 9

Broad-spectrum cognitive-behavioural therapy of alcohol abuse includes

Accepted Answer

Broad-spectrum cognitive-behavioural therapy of alcohol abuse involves treating both the biological and environmental factors involved simultaneously. This may include addressing underlying psychological issues or developing coping strategies to manage triggers and cravings, as well as potentially incorporating medication as part of the treatment plan. The other options listed (A, B, and C) are not consistent with cognitive-behavioural therapy principles and would likely worsen the problem rather than improve it.

Question 10

Individuals who experience are more likely to become problem drinkers than those without these risk factors.

Accepted Answer

Chronic stressors increase the risk of problem drinking as individuals may turn to alcohol as a coping mechanism for their stress. High achievement, enhanced social support, high job autonomy, and positive life events are not typically associated with an increased risk of problem drinking.

Question 11

According to a recent international study on substance abuse in industrialized countries by the United Nations, Canada is one of the world leaders in

Accepted Answer

Canada has been identified as one of the world leaders in marijuana use according to international studies on substance abuse.

Question 12

Alcohol abuse and smoking share a window of vulnerability in

Accepted Answer

Both alcohol abuse and smoking tend to occur during adolescence, which is a time of experimentation and transition to adulthood. Peer pressure, stress, and societal influences can all contribute to the initiation of these behaviors during this developmental stage.

Question 13

Psychological and social rewards associated with drinking include reduced anxiety and depression.

Accepted Answer

Alcohol is often used as a means of coping with stress, anxiety, and depression. It can temporarily reduce feelings of anxiety and improve mood, leading to psychological and social rewards. However, these effects are short-term and can ultimately lead to worsening of mental health conditions.

Question 14

Harm reduction focuses on completely eliminating substance use.

Accepted Answer

Harm reduction is a set of practical strategies and ideas aimed at reducing negative consequences associated with drug use. It recognizes that substance use may continue despite efforts to stop it, and therefore aims to minimize harm rather than demand abstinence.

Question 15

Anna consumed alcohol during her pregnancy, and Anna's baby was born with some facial deformities, developmental disabilities, and mental health issues. The baby has ________.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described in the scenario are consistent with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), which occurs when a fetus is exposed to high levels of alcohol in utero. FAS can cause physical, cognitive, and behavioral abnormalities, including facial deformities, developmental disabilities, and mental health issues.

Question 16

Research supports the idea that most alcoholics eventually receive some form of inpatient or outpatient treatment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research supports the idea that most alcoholics...

Question 17

Many health compromising behaviours are more common in individuals from higher social classes.

Accepted Answer

Many health compromising behaviours are more common in individuals from lower social classes, as they often have less access to resources such as healthy food options, healthcare, and education. Factors such as poverty, unemployment, and limited social support can also contribute to negative health behaviors.

Question 18

Naltrexone, a medication, is used to

Accepted Answer

Naltrexone is a medication commonly used to reduce alcohol cravings and prevent relapse among individuals experiencing alcohol use disorder. It works by blocking the effects of endorphins, which are released when alcohol is consumed, and preventing the positive reinforcement associated with drinking. It does not modify GABA, trick the brain into consuming alcohol, give alcohol a foul taste, or cause negative physical reactions to alcohol.

Question 19

There are four main classes of illicit drugs.

Accepted Answer

The four main classes of illicit drugs are stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and opioids.

Question 20

According to the DSM-5, substance use disorders arise when an individual experiences ________ from using a substance repeatedly.

Accepted Answer

Substance use disorders are characterized by the presence of clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by at least two of eleven possible criteria, such as impaired control over substance use, social impairment, risky use, tolerance, and withdrawal. The impairment can be functional, meaning it affects the person's ability to work, go to school, or meet their responsibilities, or it can be emotional, psychological, or interpersonal. Therefore, option A is the best choice as the others do not fully capture the range of impairments associated with substance use disorders.

Quiz 5: Health-Compromising Behaviours