Question 1

The term "multiple selves" refers to

Accepted Answer

The term "multiple selves" refers to the idea that people have different aspects of their self, including their ought self (who they believe they should be), actual self (who they currently are), and collective self (their identity related to groups they belong to). It does not refer to the mental disorder of multiple personalities, changes in the self over time, or the difference between self-esteem and self-concept.

Question 2

Nira spends a rainy Saturday watching drag racing on TV. Later, she reflects on her behavior and thinks, "I must really like drag racing since I spent so much time watching it on TV." Nira has learned about herself via

Accepted Answer

Nira reflects on her own behavior and draws a conclusion about her personal preferences, which is the basic premise of self-perception. Self-presentation involves a person deliberately conveying a certain image or impression to others, reflected appraisal involves a person's perception of how others see them, and self-regulation involves controlling one's own behavior and emotions.

Question 3

The self-perception process involves inferring one's own characteristics by

Accepted Answer

The self-perception process involves observing one's own behavior and inferring one's own characteristics based on that observation. This can include analyzing one's thoughts, feelings, and actions in different situations.

Question 4

Which of the following things can happen as a result of the design of your living space?

Accepted Answer

All of the options are true. A poorly designed space can negatively affect motivation by making it difficult to complete tasks or feel comfortable in the space. A well-designed house can make you psychologically healthier by creating a sense of calm and well-being. Changing the layout of a living space can affect social interaction by creating more or less opportunities for interaction between people in the space.

Question 5

You cross the finish line of a race and the first thing you do is to look ahead to see how many people finished in front of you, and look behind to see how many people you beat. You are gathering information for your_________________via the use of_________________.

Accepted Answer

Looking ahead to see how many people finished in front of you and looking behind to see how many people you beat involves comparing yourself to others, which is the process of social comparison. The goal of social comparison is to gather information about our self-concept, which is our overall understanding and evaluation of ourselves.

Question 6

While Jennifer was growing up, Jennifer's mother constantly told her she needed to watch her weight. As an adult, Jennifer thinks of herself as overweight because of

Accepted Answer

The reflected appraisal process refers to how one's perception of oneself is influenced by the feedback and messages they receive from others, especially significant others such as parents. In this case, Jennifer's mother constantly told her to watch her weight, which likely influenced how Jennifer perceives her own weight as an adult.

Question 7

You walk down the dorm hallway on a Saturday night and discover from the empty rooms that nearly everyone has gone out instead of studying. Your dorm mates have created a/an that may affect your behavior.

Accepted Answer

A descriptive norm is the perception of what others are doing or what is typical behavior in a given situation. In this scenario, the empty rooms indicate that most people have gone out, creating a perceived norm that going out is what is expected on a Saturday night. This perceived norm may influence an individual's behavior, causing them to also go out rather than study.

Question 8

The threats and opportunities that other people provide to you are called

Accepted Answer

Affordances refer to the possibilities or opportunities provided by the environment or other people that can benefit an individual. This includes the resources provided by other people that can be leveraged to advance one's goals or interests. In contrast, attunements refer to the emotional resonance that individuals experience with others, social comparisons refer to the evaluative judgments that individuals make about themselves in comparison to others, and expectations refer to the beliefs or predictions that individuals have about the likely outcomes of their actions or the behavior of others.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an example of an affordance?

Accepted Answer

Affordances refer to the potential actions or opportunities provided by the environment or objects within it to an individual. Choices A, B, and C all describe scenarios where an individual or situation provides an opportunity or potential action (improving a grade, social interaction, and a threat of job loss, respectively). Choice D, your performance on a test, does not offer an action or opportunity; it is an outcome of an action, not an affordance.

Question 10

You decide to spend your spring break among the huge crowds of Mardi Gras. Your roommate decides to rent a cabin with three close friends. According to social psychological research, which of the following is most likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that large social events like Mardi Gras can be overwhelming and stressful, leading to negative emotions and behaviors. On the other hand, spending time with close friends in a relaxed setting like a cabin can promote positive emotions and reduce stress levels. Therefore, it is more likely that the individual attending Mardi Gras will experience more stress during spring break than their roommate who is spending time in a cabin with close friends.

Question 11

When traveling overseas, Luis thinks more about being an American. He is thinking about

Accepted Answer

When traveling overseas, Luis is likely thinking more about his identity as part of a larger group or culture, rather than just his individual identity. This is known as a collective self, which emphasizes connections and relationships to others in one's identity. The other choices (reflected appraisal process, ought self, and self-esteem) may not necessarily be directly relevant to his experience of thinking about his identity as an American while traveling overseas.

Question 12

Where does our self-concept (our "self-schema") come from?

Accepted Answer

Our self-concept is formed from a combination of self-perception (how we view our own behavior and experiences), reflected appraisal (the feedback we receive from others), and social comparison (comparing ourselves to others).

Question 13

The process through which people observe their own behavior to infer their own internal characteristics is known as

Accepted Answer

Self-perception is the process through which individuals observe their own behavior to infer their own internal characteristics such as attitudes, beliefs, values, and personality traits. Reflected appraisal refers to how individuals perceive themselves based on how they think others perceive them, while self-regulation refers to the process through which people set goals for themselves and monitor their own progress towards those goals. Self-presentation is how individuals present themselves to others in order to influence how they are perceived.

Question 14

The process through which people select, monitor, and adjust their strategies in an attempt to reach their goals is

Accepted Answer

The process described in the question is self-regulation. Self-perception is the process through which people come to understand themselves. Reflected appraisal is when an individual's self-concept is influenced by how they believe others perceive them. Self-presentation is the process of creating and maintaining a desired image of oneself in the eyes of others.

Question 15

Your attitude toward yourself is known as

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your attitude toward yourself is known as
...

Question 16

According to the textbook, children in urban India are at greater risk to perform badly in school and have high levels of behavior problems outside of school. Why is this?

Accepted Answer

The textbook states that children in urban India are at greater risk because their homes are often overcrowded and many families are poor, which can contribute to both poor academic performance and behavior problems outside of school. This is supported by research indicating that poverty and crowded living conditions are associated with negative outcomes for children in many different contexts. The other answer choices are not supported by evidence in the textbook.

Question 17

Social psychologists consider an advertisement, the people we meet during the day, and the fact that we live in a democratic society as examples of

Accepted Answer

These are all examples of situations that can influence our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Social psychologists study how people behave in different situations and how social factors can affect individual behavior.

Question 18

In a study by Burger and Caldwell (2003), one group of college students signed a petition encouraging an end to homelessness, one group signed the petition and received $1, and a third group signed the petition and each was told that he/she was "someone who cares about people in need." Two days later all of the participants were asked to volunteer at a homeless shelter during the_________________upcoming_________________weekend. The_________________researchers_________________found that the_________________group volunteered the most because they

Accepted Answer

The group that signed the petition and was labeled as "someone who cares about people in need" volunteered the most, indicating that their self-perception as a caring individual was reinforced and motivated them to act in accordance with that label. Neither simply signing the petition nor receiving payment led to a significant increase in volunteering, suggesting that self-perception played a key role in motivating prosocial behavior.

Question 19

A descriptive norm gives you information about

Accepted Answer

A descriptive norm describes what most people actually do in a certain situation, rather than what is expected or what you ought to do.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about descriptive norms is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Descriptive norms describe what people commonly do or believe, but they do not necessarily provide information about how we ought to act. That is the domain of prescriptive norms.

Quiz 2: The Person and the Situation