Question 1

May used many dialectical opposites (such as agape vs. apathy, or freedom vs. destiny) in his theory, whereas Becker used only one, which is

Accepted Answer

May used many dialectical opposites in his theory, but the one that was most prominent and central to his work was the dialectic of life and death. He viewed this as the basic paradox of human existence, and emphasized the need to confront and accept the reality of mortality in order to live fully and authentically. Becker also focused on this dialectic in his work, and argued that the fear of death is a fundamental aspect of human psychology that shapes many aspects of human behavior and culture.

Question 2

Which recurring theme, according to Existentialists, asserts that human beings are conscious, choosing, self-aware subjects, NOT things to be manipulated, classified, or otherwise "pigeon-holed"?

Accepted Answer

The recurring theme that asserts that human beings are conscious, choosing, self-aware subjects, NOT things to be manipulated, classified, or otherwise "pigeon-holed" is "Existence trumps essence." This theme emphasizes the idea that individuals create their own meaning and purpose in life through their actions and choices, rather than being defined or predetermined by external factors such as social status, culture, or religion.

Question 3

While Humanists assume that people are basically good, Existentialists

Accepted Answer

Existentialists believe in examining the entirety of human nature, which means acknowledging both the good and the bad within people. They do not assume that people are inherently good or evil, but rather that individuals have the ability to make choices and create their own meaning in life.

Question 4

May analyzed existential issues using

Accepted Answer

The answer of May analyzed existential issues using
...

Question 5

Existentialists view a person's anxiety as an expression of the much broader concept of

Accepted Answer

Existentialists believe that anxiety is not just a normal emotion, but rather a fundamental part of the human condition. They call this larger concept "existential angst," which refers to the feeling of unease or dread that arises from a person's awareness of their own mortality, the meaninglessness of life, or their own freedom and responsibility. Anxiety, then, is seen as a symptom of existential angst, rather than a problem to be solved on its own.

Question 6

refers to our biological heritage as mammals, including our interdependence with the surrounding environment for oxygen, sunshine, and nutrients.

Accepted Answer

The answer of refers to our biological heritage as mammals,...

Question 7

What does May use in place of "libido"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does May use in place of...

Question 8

Synthesis occurs when a higher level process

Accepted Answer

Synthesis involves integrating the thesis and antithesis, preserving their truths while resolving their conflict, thus leading to a higher level of understanding or truth. This encompasses all the options provided.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT one of May's six ontological principles?

Accepted Answer

May's six ontological principles include Awareness, Centeredness, Participation with others, but not Connectedness. Connectedness is not listed among May's principles, which focus on the nature of being and existence in human psychology.

Question 10

The highest level of love, which May sees as the synthesizer of the dialectical opposites of sex and eros are

Accepted Answer

Agape is considered the highest form of love, which synthesizes the dialectical opposites by being a selfless, unconditional love that goes beyond just sexual desire (eros) or the will to possess. It is about caring and giving without expecting anything in return, thus overcoming apathy or indifference.

Question 11

According to Becker, what is the ultimate existential tragedy?

Accepted Answer

According to Becker, the ultimate existential tragedy is the failure to find a larger cause in which to spend one's life, meaning a purpose or meaning in life that goes beyond individual desires and is connected to something bigger than oneself. This can lead to feelings of emptiness and despair.

Question 12

Which psychologist analyzed existential issues using Hegelian dialectics?

Accepted Answer

Rollo May analyzed existential issues using Hegelian dialectics. Kelly developed the Personal Construct Theory, Ellis developed Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), and Rank developed the Theory of Will Therapy.

Question 13

A person's world that includes social and interpersonal experiences is called the

Accepted Answer

The term "Mitwelt" refers to a person's social and interpersonal world, including relationships with family, friends, and colleagues. "Eigenwelt" refers to a person's individual or subjective world, and "Umwelt" refers to the physical environment or surroundings. "Diewelt" is not a commonly used term in this context.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT one of the recurring themes of existentialism?

Accepted Answer

While the other options are recurring themes in existentialism, the idea that humans are born in motion is not a common theme.

Question 15

Both Existentialists and Humanists

Accepted Answer

The answer of Both Existentialists and Humanists
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Question 16

Which of the following ultimate concerns of human beings is NOT something that Existentialists address?

Accepted Answer

Dreams, while important to individual psychological well-being, are not typically addressed as an ultimate concern by Existentialists. Existentialists tend to focus on issues such as the meaning of life, the inevitability of death, and the experience of despair or anxiety in the face of existential questions.

Question 17

Which of the recurring existentialist themes was highly developed by Sartre, but can also be found in the works of Blaise Pascal?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the recurring existentialist themes was...

Question 18

Existentialists tend to give priority to over essence.

Accepted Answer

Existentialists believe that existence, or the mere fact of being alive and experiencing the world, is more important than any pre-determined essence or nature that a person or thing may have. This means that individuals have the freedom to create their own meaning and purpose in life rather than being defined by predetermined roles or expectations. Love, passion, and soul may all be important to an individual's experience, but they do not necessarily take precedence over existence in the existentialist philosophy.

Question 19

Existentialists address the concerns of human beings.

Accepted Answer

Existentialism is a philosophical movement that explores the nature of human existence, focusing on the concerns of the individual as a free agent who must make choices and take responsibility for his or her own life. Ultimate concerns such as death, meaning, and purpose are at the core of existential thought. Therefore, choice C, ultimate, is the best answer.

Question 20

Which construct describes how Becker and Rank view the neurotic?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which construct describes how Becker and Rank...

Quiz 12: Person As Meaning-Maker