Question 1

As per Maryland v.Wilson (1997),police officers who have effected a traffic stop can choose to remove from the stopped vehicle to maximize personal safety.

Accepted Answer

Maryland v. Wilson stipulates that police officers may remove passengers from a stopped vehicle for the sake of personal safety. While the other options listed may also pose a risk to the officer's safety, the ruling specifically mentions the removal of passengers as an acceptable measure.

Question 2

The first question to ask in Fourth Amendment cases is whether the:

Accepted Answer

A

Question 3

Which of the following circumstances have been found sufficient by themselves to amount to reasonable suspicion?

Accepted Answer

The circumstance described in option D involves an informant's tip, which has been found sufficient to establish reasonable suspicion. The other options, such as double-parking or failing to look at a patrol car, may be considered contextual factors, but they are not sufficient by themselves to establish reasonable suspicion. Option B describes nervousness, but this alone is not enough to establish reasonable suspicion.

Question 4

In Florida v J.L.(2000),what did the court decide with regards to an anonymous tip regarding a man with a gun?

Accepted Answer

The court decided that an anonymous tip lacking any indications of reliability does not justify a stop and frisk, even though it did allege the illegal possession of a firearm. This means that simply receiving an anonymous tip about someone with a gun is not enough justification for law enforcement to detain and search that person. The tip must have some level of reliability or corroboration before it can be acted upon.

Question 5

Reid v.Georgia (1980)ruled that:

Accepted Answer

Reid v. Georgia ruled that the drug courier profile, by itself, cannot amount to reasonable suspicion. This means that law enforcement officers must have additional factors beyond the profile to justify a search or seizure.

Question 6

Which of the following will not support stopping vehicles at a roadblock?

Accepted Answer

General checks to see if drivers may be committing any crime are not specific enough to justify stopping vehicles at a roadblock, as they may violate the Fourth Amendment rights against unreasonable searches and seizures.

Question 7

Which of the following constitutes a stop?

Accepted Answer

The officers in option D are approaching a person for questioning based on a description given by the victim. This would constitute a stop as the person is not free to go until the officers have finished questioning them. The other options involve the person approaching the officers and volunteering information, which does not constitute a stop.

Question 8

The Supreme Court has adopted which of the following readings of the Fourth Amendment regarding stops and frisks? The Fourth Amendment:

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court has adopted the reading that the Fourth Amendment requires a lesser quantum of proof or suspicion for a stop than for an arrest. This means that law enforcement must have a reasonable suspicion that a person is engaged in criminal activity in order to stop them, but they do not need the higher level of suspicion required for an arrest. Additionally, the Court has also equated frisks with searches, meaning that a frisk is considered a type of search under the Fourth Amendment.

Question 9

The Supreme Court balancing approach to stop and frisk requires weighing:

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court balancing approach to stop and frisk requires weighing the individual's privacy rights against the value of controlling crime. This requires the law enforcement agencies to prove that their actions are necessary for the sake of public safety and that the intrusion on an individual's privacy is minimal. Therefore, choice A is the best answer as it best represents the balancing approach that the Supreme Court follows in stop and frisk cases.

Question 10

According to the Supreme Court opinion in Terry v.Ohio involving the stop and frisk of a citizen on the street to investigate a robbery:

Accepted Answer

According to the Supreme Court opinion in Terry v. Ohio, whenever a police officer accosts an individual and restrains their freedom to walk away, they have "seized" that person. This means that the person is now protected by the Fourth Amendment, which prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. In the context of the case, the stop and frisk of the citizen was found to be constitutional because it was based on reasonable suspicion and was necessary for the officer's safety. However, the Court also established that such stops must be conducted in a manner that minimizes intrusiveness on the individual's privacy and liberty.

Question 11

According to the Supreme Court opinion in Terry v.Ohio,a stop justified at its beginning can:

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court in Terry v. Ohio held that a stop must be justified at its inception by specific, articulable facts giving rise to a reasonable suspicion that criminal activity is afoot. However, the Court also cautioned that the scope of the stop must be reasonably related to the circumstances that justified the stop in the first place, and that the stop must not be too prolonged or intrusive. Therefore, a stop may become unjustified if it is too extensive in scope. A stop cannot be justified on mere hunches alone, and the stopping officer cannot have any scope they want. Additionally, the reason for the stop does not have to be for violent crimes specifically.

Question 12

A proper "frisk" under the stop­and­frisk rules established by Terry v.Ohio:

Accepted Answer

In Terry v. Ohio, the Supreme Court established that a "stop and frisk" is a limited search for weapons that can be conducted if the police officer has reasonable suspicion that the suspect is involved in criminal activity. The frisk, which is a pat-down of the suspect's outer clothing, is only allowed if the officer feels something that could be a weapon during the pat-down. Therefore, choice A is the best answer. Choice B is incorrect because the officer does not need to be certain that the suspect has a weapon, only that there is reasonable suspicion based on specific facts. Choice C is incorrect because the frisk is limited to the suspect's outer clothing and does not extend to surrounding areas. Choice D is incorrect because probable cause is not required for a frisk, only reasonable suspicion.

Question 13

According to the Supreme Court opinion in Terry v.Ohio,involving a police stop and frisk of a citizen on a street to investigate a possible robbery:

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court opinion in Terry v. Ohio stated that in dealing with dangerous situations on city streets, police need an escalating set of flexible responses. This means that police should have the ability to adjust their responses depending on the circumstances they encounter. This includes the ability to stop and frisk citizens if there is reasonable suspicion that they are involved in criminal activity. However, this does not mean that police can stop citizens without any justification or evidence of criminal activity. The Supreme Court specifically stated that police must have reasonable suspicion to justify a stop and frisk. Therefore, choice B, C, and D are incorrect.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a seizure?

Accepted Answer

Chasing a fleeing suspect who gets away is not considered a seizure because the suspect is not being detained or restrained in any way.

Question 15

Which of the following is considered a type of hearsay information?

Accepted Answer

Statements by fellow officers are considered hearsay information because they are not first-hand accounts of the event in question.

Question 16

Reasonable suspicion needed to make a stop:

Accepted Answer

Reasonable suspicion requires some minimum level of objective justification. This means that an officer must have specific and articulable facts that lead them to believe that criminal activity is occurring or about to occur. It is not simply based on a hunch or a general feeling. While it is less than probable cause, it still requires more than just a subjective belief.

Question 17

Until the 1960s,the U.S.Supreme Court followed the_________,which says the warrant and reasonableness clauses are firmly connected.

Accepted Answer

The conventional Fourth Amendment approach connects the warrant and reasonableness clauses, which was the method followed by the U.S. Supreme Court until the 1960s.

Question 18

The balancing approach to reasonableness:

Accepted Answer

The balancing approach to reasonableness requires courts to weigh the degree of intrusion against the government's need for the intrusion, as stated in option A. Option B is incorrect as the balancing approach does not prohibit the police from making intrusions to prevent crimes. Option C is incorrect as the court is required to weigh the degree of intrusion, and it is not enough to have a factual foundation alone. Option D is incorrect as a factual foundation is required to support any stops, including those involving serious crimes.

Question 19

The objective basis for stops and frisks is:

Accepted Answer

The objective basis for stops and frisks is lower than for arrests because it requires reasonable suspicion, which is a lower standard than probable cause required for arrests. Stops and frisks also do not require the same level of intrusion as full searches of a person.

Question 20

Which of the following activities can NOT be conducted as a matter of routine at an international border stop?

Accepted Answer

Cavity search is a highly invasive search and is not conducted as a matter of routine at border stops. It is only conducted when there is strong suspicion of someone carrying illegal items inside them. Dog sniffs, pocket checks, and wallet searches are routine activities conducted at international border stops.

Quiz 4: Stop and Frisk

As per Maryland v.Wilson (1997) ,police officers who have effected a traffic stop can choose to remove from the stopped vehicle to maximize personal safety.

The first question to ask in Fourth Amendment cases is whether the:

Which of the following circumstances have been found sufficient by themselves to amount to reasonable suspicion?

In Florida v J.L.(2000) ,what did the court decide with regards to an anonymous tip regarding a man with a gun?

Reid v.Georgia (1980) ruled that:

Which of the following will not support stopping vehicles at a roadblock?

Which of the following constitutes a stop?

The Supreme Court has adopted which of the following readings of the Fourth Amendment regarding stops and frisks? The Fourth Amendment:

The Supreme Court balancing approach to stop and frisk requires weighing:

According to the Supreme Court opinion in Terry v.Ohio involving the stop and frisk of a citizen on the street to investigate a robbery:

According to the Supreme Court opinion in Terry v.Ohio,a stop justified at its beginning can:

A proper "frisk" under the stopandfrisk rules established by Terry v.Ohio:

According to the Supreme Court opinion in Terry v.Ohio,involving a police stop and frisk of a citizen on a street to investigate a possible robbery:

Which of the following is not a seizure?

Which of the following is considered a type of hearsay information?

Reasonable suspicion needed to make a stop:

Until the 1960s,the U.S.Supreme Court followed the_________,which says the warrant and reasonableness clauses are firmly connected.

The balancing approach to reasonableness:

The objective basis for stops and frisks is:

Which of the following activities can NOT be conducted as a matter of routine at an international border stop?

Quiz 4: Stop and Frisk

As per Maryland v.Wilson (1997) ,police officers who have effected a traffic stop can choose to remove from the stopped vehicle to maximize personal safety.

The first question to ask in Fourth Amendment cases is whether the:

Which of the following circumstances have been found sufficient by themselves to amount to reasonable suspicion?

In Florida v J.L.(2000) ,what did the court decide with regards to an anonymous tip regarding a man with a gun?

Reid v.Georgia (1980) ruled that:

Which of the following will not support stopping vehicles at a roadblock?

Which of the following constitutes a stop?

The Supreme Court has adopted which of the following readings of the Fourth Amendment regarding stops and frisks? The Fourth Amendment:

The Supreme Court balancing approach to stop and frisk requires weighing:

According to the Supreme Court opinion in Terry v.Ohio involving the stop and frisk of a citizen on the street to investigate a robbery:

According to the Supreme Court opinion in Terry v.Ohio,a stop justified at its beginning can:

A proper "frisk" under the stop­and­frisk rules established by Terry v.Ohio:

According to the Supreme Court opinion in Terry v.Ohio,involving a police stop and frisk of a citizen on a street to investigate a possible robbery:

Which of the following is not a seizure?

Which of the following is considered a type of hearsay information?

Reasonable suspicion needed to make a stop:

Until the 1960s,the U.S.Supreme Court followed the_________,which says the warrant and reasonableness clauses are firmly connected.

The balancing approach to reasonableness:

The objective basis for stops and frisks is:

Which of the following activities can NOT be conducted as a matter of routine at an international border stop?

A proper "frisk" under the stopandfrisk rules established by Terry v.Ohio: