The Hawthorne effect refers to changes in the subject's behavior caused by the researcher's presence or by the subject's awareness of being studied.

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The Hawthorne effect is a well-known phenomenon in social science research and refers to changes in the behavior of study participants due to their awareness of being observed or studied. It is named after the Hawthorne Works factory where a series of experiments on worker productivity were conducted in the 1920s and 1930s, and where the researchers first noticed this phenomenon.

The Hawthorne Effect Refers to Changes in the Subject's Behavior