Question 1

The splitting of a descent group into two or more entities is called:
A)fusion.
B)fraction.
C)fission.
D)code switching.
E)delineation.

Accepted Answer

The splitting of a descent group into two or more entities is called fission. Choice A, fusion, refers to the merging of two or more descent groups into one. Choice B, fraction, is not a term used in kinship studies. Choice D, code switching, refers to the practice of changing languages or communication styles in different social situations. Choice E, delineation, refers to the process of defining and setting boundaries.

Question 2

Bilateral descent is commonly found among all of the following except:
A)postindustrial societies.
B)agricultural societies.
C)tribal societies.
D)industrial societies.
E)foraging societies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bilateral descent is commonly found among all...

Question 3

North Americans assume that they are related equally to the relatives on both the mother's and father's side.The group composed of such people to whom these individuals feel that they belong is called what kind of descent group?
A)Ambilineal
B)Double
C)Bilateral
D)Patrilineal
E)Matrilineal

Accepted Answer

Bilateral descent is a system in which individuals are related equally to their relatives on both the mother's and father's side. This is the type of descent group to which North Americans typically feel they belong. Ambilineal descent allows individuals to choose which descent group they belong to, while double descent is a system in which individuals belong to both a matrilineal and patrilineal descent group. Patrilineal descent is a system in which individuals affiliate with their father's descent group, while matrilineal descent is a system in which individuals affiliate with their mother's descent group.

Question 4

New reproductive technologies are:
A)dangerous,as they involve cloning.
B)the preferred form of reproduction in the United States.
C)not accepted in the United States.
D)less important today than 20 years ago.
E)changing the traditional understandings of kinship.

Accepted Answer

New reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization, surrogacy, and donor insemination are challenging traditional notions of kinship and family formation. These technologies allow for non-traditional family structures and the ability to have biological children in ways that were previously impossible. Cloning is not a common or accepted form of reproductive technology in most countries, including the United States.

Question 5

The Hawaiian system of kinship terminology is usually associated with what type of descent?
A)Patrilineal
B)Matrilineal
C)Unilineal
D)Avunculineal
E)Ambilineal

Accepted Answer

The Hawaiian system of kinship terminology is associated with ambilineal descent, where individuals may affiliate with either their mother's or father's descent group, allowing for flexibility in kinship affiliations.

Question 6

Members of a moiety:
A)belong to one of two major descent groups in a society.
B)are those who are divorced (they lack their "better half").
C)are usually able to trace their exact genealogical links to their common ancestor.
D)feel a much stronger feeling of kinship than is felt by members of a lineage or clan.
E)belong to a group that is smaller than a lineage.

Accepted Answer

A moiety is one of two major descent groups in a society. Members of a moiety are typically divided into two halves, and individuals belong to one or the other based on their ancestry. A moiety is larger than a lineage, but smaller than a clan. While members of a moiety may feel a strong sense of kinship with one another, this does not necessarily mean that it is stronger than what is felt within a lineage or clan.

Question 7

If two people are given the same kinship term,this means that:
A)they have the same genes.
B)no one can tell the difference between them.
C)they occupy a similar family status.
D)they are identical twins.
E)they are members of an adopted family.

Accepted Answer

Kinship terms are used to identify the relationships between individuals within a family. Two people given the same kinship term, such as "brother" or "cousin", are indicating that they occupy a similar family status. This is not necessarily related to genetics, physical appearance, or adoption.

Question 8

The Turkish honor killings that van Eck studied were occurring in which country?
A)Denmark
B)Sweden
C)France
D)Netherlands
E)Canada

Accepted Answer

The article states that van Eck studied Turkish honor killings in the Netherlands.

Question 9

In kinship studies,EGO refers to:
A)the whole clan.
B)the center of a kindred.
C)moiety.
D)an entire lineage.
E)a person without immediate family.

Accepted Answer

EGO in kinship studies refers to the center of a kindred, or the person at the focal point of a kinship chart. It is usually used to study the relationships between individuals and their immediate family members.

Question 10

What was the primary purpose of advocacy anthropology among the Micmac?
A)To help the Micmac find jobs and get off welfare
B)To help with community relations after a series of honor killings
C)To help improve health conditions among the people
D)To help them expand their land-holdings for resource exploitation
E)To help them obtain official tribal recognition

Accepted Answer

Advocacy anthropology among the Micmac primarily aimed to help them obtain official tribal recognition, which would secure their rights and benefits as a recognized tribe.

Question 11

A totem is all of the following except:
A)a word that comes from the Ojibwa American Indian word which means "he is a relative of mine."
B)a symbol of animals,plants,natural forces,and objects.
C)usually associated with a clan's concept of its mythical origins.
D)found in our own society in the names we give to baseball and football teams.
E)found in all societies that have lineages.

Accepted Answer

Totems are not found in all societies with lineages; they are specific to certain cultures and societies.

Question 12

Approximately how many Micmacs are members of the Aroostook band today,according to official criteria?
A)100
B)1,200
C)1,500
D)3,700
E)7,000

Accepted Answer

According to official criteria, approximately 1,200 Micmacs are members of the Aroostook band today.

Question 13

What are honor killings?
A)Murder condoned by the genealogical group in order to retaliate for shame of unapproved sexual activity
B)Murder against the genealogical group by those who wish to take its women and other possessions
C)Public shaming of individuals who have engaged in adulterous activities;this usually consists of verbal insults and flogging
D)Also called namus,this is the process of adapting to foreign cultures and giving up one's connection to ancestor worship
E)Historical feuds between lineages that last for more than four generations

Accepted Answer

Honor killings refer to the murder of a family member, usually a woman, who is deemed to have brought dishonor and shame to the family. This is often due to activities such as premarital sex, adultery, or even just speaking to a man who is not a family member. The murder is usually carried out by another family member, often with the approval or even encouragement of the larger genealogical group.

Question 14

In which kinship terminology are ego's "brother" and "sister" distinguished from "cousins" and both father's brother and mother's brother are given the same kinship term,"uncle"?
A)Eskimo
B)Iroquois
C)Hawaiian
D)Crow
E)Omaha

Accepted Answer

The Eskimo kinship system, also known as the lineal system, distinguishes between the nuclear family and other relatives, which is why "brother" and "sister" are separate from "cousins." Additionally, it simplifies terms outside the nuclear family, so both father's brother and mother's brother are referred to as "uncle."

Question 15

A phratry is a unilineal descent group composed of two or more__________________that believe they are related to each other.
A)moieties
B)totems
C)kindred
D)lineages
E)clans

Accepted Answer

A phratry is a unilineal descent group composed of two or more clans that believe they are related to each other.

Question 16

Namus is another name for:
A)Russian lineages.
B)French clans.
C)Turkish honor.
D)Hispanic migratory patterns.
E)Polish social networks based on totems.

Accepted Answer

Namus is a Turkish term used to describe the concept of honor, particularly in relation to a woman's chastity and the reputation of the family. It is a crucial aspect of Turkish culture and societal norms.

Question 17

In__________________kinship terminology,the term "brother" is given to ego's brother,father's brother's son, and mother's sister's song;a different term is used for the sons of father's sister and mother's brother."Mother" refers to ego's mother and mother's sister;"father" refers to ego's father and father's brother.Separate terms are used for mother's brother and father's sister.
A)Eskimo
B)Hawaiian
C)Iroquois
D)unilineal descent
E)kindred

Accepted Answer

This description matches the Iroquois kinship system, where kinship terms extend to parallel cousins (children of a parent's same-sex sibling) as if they were one's own siblings, but differentiate between cross cousins (children of a parent's opposite-sex sibling).

Question 18

Clans,because they may have members living in many different villages,depend on__________________to provide symbolic identification and promote solidarity.
A)totems
B)signs
C)promises
D)treaties
E)feasts

Accepted Answer

Clans traditionally use totems, which are symbols or objects representing a spirit or ancestor, as a means of identification and promoting solidarity among members who may be living in different villages or regions. Totems are often featured prominently in clan ceremonies, rituals, and visual arts. While signs, promises, treaties, and feasts may also play a role in clan culture, totems are the most traditional and well-known symbol of clan identity.

Question 19

Which anthropologist worked with the Aroostook band of Micmacs in Maine?
A)Alan Kolata
B)Clementine van Eck
C)Fred Plog
D)Weston LaBarre
E)Harald Prins

Accepted Answer

Harald Prins worked extensively with the Aroostook band of Micmacs in Maine, specifically focusing on their traditional ecological knowledge and ways of relating to the natural world.

Question 20

Through what practice do lineages develop new alliances within the larger social system?
A)Exogamy
B)Endogamy
C)Ancestor worship
D)Totemism
E)Fusion

Accepted Answer

Exogamy, the practice of marrying outside one's own group, helps lineages develop new alliances within the larger social system by establishing connections with other groups or lineages.

Quiz 20: Kinship and Descent

The splitting of a descent group into two or more entities is called:

Bilateral descent is commonly found among all of the following except:

North Americans assume that they are related equally to the relatives on both the mother's and father's side.The group composed of such people to whom these individuals feel that they belong is called what kind of descent group?

New reproductive technologies are:

The Hawaiian system of kinship terminology is usually associated with what type of descent?

Members of a moiety:

If two people are given the same kinship term,this means that:

The Turkish honor killings that van Eck studied were occurring in which country?

In kinship studies,EGO refers to:

What was the primary purpose of advocacy anthropology among the Micmac?

A totem is all of the following except:

Approximately how many Micmacs are members of the Aroostook band today,according to official criteria?

What are honor killings?

In which kinship terminology are ego's "brother" and "sister" distinguished from "cousins" and both father's brother and mother's brother are given the same kinship term,"uncle"?

A phratry is a unilineal descent group composed of two or more__________________that believe they are related to each other.

Namus is another name for:

Clans,because they may have members living in many different villages,depend on__________________to provide symbolic identification and promote solidarity.

Which anthropologist worked with the Aroostook band of Micmacs in Maine?

Through what practice do lineages develop new alliances within the larger social system?