Question 1

An enlargement of the thyroid gland is called

Accepted Answer

An enlargement of the thyroid gland is called a goiter.

Question 2

A synonym for thyroid cartilage is the

Accepted Answer

The thyroid cartilage is commonly referred to as the "Adam's apple" due to its protrusion in males, resembling a lump on the front of the neck. The other options listed are not synonyms for the thyroid cartilage.

Question 3

Which chemical element is required by the thyroid gland to function properly?

Accepted Answer

The thyroid gland requires iodine to synthesize thyroid hormones, which are essential for regulating metabolism and growth and development.

Question 4

A type of hyperthyroidism caused by an autoimmune disorder in which an antibody stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and secrete excessive quantities of thyroid hormones into the blood is called

Accepted Answer

Graves disease is a type of hyperthyroidism caused by an autoimmune disorder in which an antibody stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and secrete excessive quantities of thyroid hormones into the blood.

Question 5

The abbreviation for a hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland is

Accepted Answer

TSH stands for Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, which is secreted by the pituitary gland and stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release thyroid hormones. ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) stimulates the adrenal glands, PTH (parathyroid hormone) regulates calcium and phosphate in the blood, HRT (hormone replacement therapy) is a medical treatment for menopause, and TURP (transurethral resection of the prostate) is a surgical treatment for an enlarged prostate.

Question 6

Of the following terms, which one has a prefix meaning highest point or extremity?

Accepted Answer

The prefix "acro-" means highest point or extremity. Acromegaly is a disorder that results from excessive secretion of growth hormone, leading to enlargement of the extremities and often other parts of the body.

Question 7

The abbreviation for a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands is

Accepted Answer

PTH stands for parathyroid hormone, which is secreted by the parathyroid glands.

Question 8

A patient has normal thyroid gland function.Which of the following terms would be used in the patient's medical record to describe the patient's thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

"Euthyroid" is used to describe normal thyroid gland function. "Hypothyroid" refers to an underactive thyroid gland, "Hyperthyroid" refers to an overactive thyroid gland, "Dysthyroid" is a nonspecific term meaning there is something abnormal with the thyroid gland, and "Panthyroid" is not a medical term.

Question 9

Which of the following terms has a word element meaning recording?

Accepted Answer

The word element "-graphy" means recording, and "ultrasono-" refers to sound waves, therefore, ultrasonography means recording images using sound waves.

Question 10

A condition of abnormal height and size of the entire body is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Gigantism is a condition in which the body grows excessively in height and size due to overproduction of growth hormone during childhood and adolescence.

Question 11

Read this selection: Calcitonin stimulates osteoblastic activity to promote calcium deposition and bone formation.It is secreted in response to hypercalcemia.Which of the following statements best describes the function of this hormone?

Accepted Answer

The selection states that calcitonin is secreted in response to hypercalcemia, meaning high levels of blood calcium. Therefore, secretion would be increased when blood calcium is increased.

Question 12

The two thyroid hormones produced by the small follicles lined with epithelial cells in the thyroid gland are

Accepted Answer

The two thyroid hormones produced by the thyroid gland are T3 and T4, which are synthesized by the thyroglobulin stored in the follicular lumen. Calcitonin is produced by the parafollicular cells (also known as C cells) located in between the follicles and plays a role in calcium metabolism. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4.

Question 13

The term hypercalcemia means

Accepted Answer

Hypercalcemia refers to a blood condition where there are excessively high levels of calcium in the bloodstream. This can result in various symptoms such as confusion, fatigue, nausea, and bone pain.

Question 14

Choose the correct spelling for the medical term that means protrusion of the eyeball.

Accepted Answer

The correct spelling is "Exophthalmos" which refers to the abnormal protrusion of the eyeball. The other choices have misspellings or incorrect combinations of letters that do not exist in the medical term.

Question 15

The surgical removal of the thyroid gland is called a

Accepted Answer

The surgical removal of the thyroid gland is called a thyroidectomy. Choice A (thyrotoxicosis) refers to a condition of excessive thyroid hormone production, choice B (thyroidotomy) refers to a surgical incision into the thyroid gland, choice C (thyroidostomy) refers to a surgical opening created in the thyroid gland for drainage, and choice E (thyroidoscopy) refers to the use of a scope to visualize the thyroid gland.

Question 16

Which of the following medical terms, meaning abnormal thinness, is spelled correctly?

Accepted Answer

Emaciation is the correct spelling of the medical term meaning abnormal thinness. The other options (A) Emasiation, (B) Emmatiation, (C) Emaciashun, and (D) Emmasiation are all incorrect spellings.

Question 17

Thyroid hormone replacement therapy is used to treat which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone replacement therapy is used to treat hypothyroidism, which is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. It is not used to treat Graves disease (which is a form of hyperthyroidism), hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, or hypogonadism.

Question 18

Which of the following terms has a prefix meaning three?

Accepted Answer

Tri- means three, so Triiodothyronine has a prefix meaning three.

Question 19

The term ________ means standard or rule for judging, and its plural form is ________.

Accepted Answer

The term that means standard or rule for judging is criterion and its plural form is criteria. Option A is incorrect because critic refers to a person who judges and its plural form is critics. Option B is incorrect because criticality refers to the state of being critical and its plural form is criticalities. Option C is incorrect because criteria is the correct plural form of criterion, and adding an -s to the end is not necessary. Option E is incorrect because cryptogram refers to a message written in a secret code and its plural form is cryptograms, which is irrelevant to the definition given.

Question 20

Read this selection: Whatever the causes of hyperthyroidism, the symptoms are those of increased body metabolism.These include tachycardia, hypertension, sweating, shakiness, anxiety, weight loss despite increased appetite, and diarrhea.Which of the following statements best describes a patient with this condition?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms listed indicate an increase in body metabolism, which includes an increased heart rate (tachycardia) and high blood pressure (hypertension). Therefore, the correct answer is choice C.

Quiz 17: Endocrine System