Question 1

The generation born between 1977 and 1994 is known as Generation:

Accepted Answer

Generation Y, also known as Millennials, is typically defined as being born between 1977 and 1994.

Question 2

used the terms Theory X and Theory Y to describe different attitudes managers had about workers.

Accepted Answer

Douglas McGregor introduced the concepts of Theory X and Theory Y in his book "The Human Side of Enterprise" in 1960.

Question 3

According to Herzberg's views,which of the following strategies would be most likely to result in a higher level of worker motivation?

Accepted Answer

Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory states that motivation is influenced by both hygiene factors (such as working conditions and policies) and motivators (such as interesting and challenging work). However, motivators have a stronger impact on overall motivation. Therefore, making the work itself more interesting and challenging would be the most likely strategy to result in a higher level of worker motivation according to Herzberg's views.

Question 4

One of the elements essential to Frederick Taylor's approach to improving worker productivity was:

Accepted Answer

Taylor's approach, known as scientific management, included the development of rules for how workers should perform their tasks to achieve maximum efficiency. These rules were based on careful observation and measurement of each task, and workers were trained to follow them precisely. Taylor believed that this would lead to increased productivity and profit for the company.

Question 5

According to the principles of scientific management,the best way to improve productivity is to:

Accepted Answer

According to the principles of scientific management, the best way to improve productivity is to use time-motion studies to find the best method of doing each job, then teach those methods to workers. This approach focuses on finding the most efficient way to do each task and then training workers to perform those tasks using the most efficient method, ultimately increasing productivity. Open communication, recognition, job rotation, and job enlargement are not central to the principles of scientific management.

Question 6

Lynn is in charge of a nursing shift at a hospital.She wants to improve the motivation and performance level of the nurses under her direction.According to expectancy theory,one element of an effective motivational strategy is to:

Accepted Answer

According to expectancy theory, individuals are motivated when they believe that their effort will lead to a certain level of performance, which in turn will result in certain outcomes or rewards. Therefore, determining what types of rewards are valued by the nurses is an important element of an effective motivational strategy, as it will ensure that the rewards offered are meaningful and inspire effort and commitment. Setting performance standards beyond the ability of most nurses to actually achieve (A) may actually demotivate them by making them feel as though their efforts are futile, while rotating the nurses so that they perform different jobs each day (C) may lead to confusion and decreased productivity. Simplifying the job (D) may be helpful, but it alone is not sufficient for effective motivation.

Question 7

Which of the following is the best example of extinction as the term is used in reinforcement theory?

Accepted Answer

Extinction in reinforcement theory involves the removal of reinforcement to decrease the likelihood of a behavior recurring. By not taking any action, the manager is removing any reinforcement for the undesirable behavior, which may lead to its extinction.

Question 8

was the dominant strategy for improving worker productivity during the early 1900s.

Accepted Answer

Scientific management, also known as Taylorism, was the dominant strategy for improving worker productivity during the early 1900s. This approach emphasized the use of time and motion studies to identify the most efficient way of performing a task, and then training workers to perform that task in the prescribed manner. The goal was to increase efficiency and productivity, and to minimize waste and inefficiency. This approach was widely adopted in manufacturing and other industries during the early 20th century.

Question 9

Ramon works at Montreal Medical Instruments.His job was recently redefined so that he now has more flexibility in the hours he works and more say in the procedures used on the job.This suggests that Montreal Medical Instruments is trying to change Ramon's job so that it has more:

Accepted Answer

Autonomy refers to the level of control an employee has over their job, including the flexibility in working hours and decision-making authority. Ramon's job has been redefined to give him more autonomy, which suggests that Montreal Medical Instruments is trying to empower him and make him more responsible for his work. Feedback, task identity, and task significance are also important factors in job design, but they are not directly related to the level of autonomy that an employee has.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about worker motivation is most consistent with the findings of the Hawthorne studies?

Accepted Answer

The Hawthorne studies found that workers were more motivated when they felt they were part of a special group or project, regardless of changes in physical conditions or financial incentives. This is known as the Hawthorne effect, where workers increase their productivity simply because they are being studied and involved in a meaningful way. Therefore, A is the most consistent statement with these findings.

Question 11

Herzberg found that good pay:

Accepted Answer

Herzberg identified good pay as a hygiene factor, meaning that it was necessary to prevent dissatisfaction, but it was not a motivator for job satisfaction. Other factors such as job security, recognition, and opportunities for growth were more likely to motivate employees.

Question 12

Wally is a professional house painter.During busy periods,he often hires college students as helpers on his jobs.Wally tells his helpers that he has determined the most efficient way to paint a house and he expects them to follow his instructions exactly.Wally's approach is consistent with the ideas of:

Accepted Answer

Wally's approach is consistent with the ideas of Frederick Taylor, who believed in scientific management and the use of standardized procedures to increase efficiency and productivity. Taylor's principles emphasized the importance of clearly defined roles, precise instructions, and strict supervision to ensure that workers followed the most efficient methods. Wally's expectation that his helpers follow his instructions exactly reflects Taylor's belief in the importance of standardization and efficiency.

Question 13

Maslow placed ______needs at the highest level of his hierarchy.

Accepted Answer

Maslow placed self-actualization needs at the highest level of his hierarchy, indicating that individuals strive towards achieving their full potential and personal growth. Deferred needs are not a category in Maslow's hierarchy, and while esteem and social needs are important, they are placed at lower levels in the hierarchy.

Question 14

According to goal-setting theory,in order for goals to enhance motivation and performance,they must be:

Accepted Answer

According to goal-setting theory, for goals to enhance motivation and performance, they must be accompanied by feedback. Feedback helps individuals to evaluate their progress towards the goal and make necessary adjustments to achieve it. Tieing goals directly to scientific management principles, putting them into the labor contract, or accompanying them by monetary rewards may not necessarily enhance motivation and performance.

Question 15

studied how the characteristics of the job itself affected worker motivation.

Accepted Answer

Frederick Herzberg was known for his two-factor theory, which suggested that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause satisfaction (motivators) and others that cause dissatisfaction (hygiene factors). He concluded that the characteristics of the job itself, such as opportunities for growth and achievement, were motivators, while factors such as salary and working conditions were hygiene factors.

Question 16

Two things shared by many companies with highly motivated workforces are:

Accepted Answer

Open communication systems and self-managed teams are two common characteristics shared by companies with highly motivated workforces. This allows employees to have a sense of ownership and responsibility in their work, leading to increased motivation and productivity. The other options, such as Theory X management style and centralized decision-making, are often associated with less motivated workforces.

Question 17

Maslow classified the needs for basic items such as food,water,and shelter as:

Accepted Answer

Maslow classified the basic needs for survival, such as food, water, and shelter, as physiological needs. These needs are the foundation of the hierarchy, and they must be satisfied before an individual can progress to higher level needs such as safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.

Question 18

Working conditions recently have changed at the Bariol Corporation.Managers and employees now answer their own phones,and even top managers are addressed by their first name.The company even eliminated executive washrooms and parking spaces.Bariol implemented all of these changes in an effort to help workers motivate themselves by creating a team spirit within the company.Bariol's efforts are consistent with an attempt to:

Accepted Answer

Bariol Corporation's changes are consistent with an attempt to improve motivation through open communication. By eliminating hierarchy and creating a more informal atmosphere, the company hopes to foster a sense of team spirit and create an environment in which employees feel valued and motivated to work together towards shared goals. This approach is aligned with theories of human relations management, which emphasize the importance of employee satisfaction and well-being in promoting productivity and success.

Question 19

Gerald believes that most of his subordinates dislike work and would avoid it if possible.He also believes that his workers have little,if any,ambition,and that the only way to motivate them is by using threats and punishment.Gerald's views are consistent with ___________ management.

Accepted Answer

Gerald's belief that his subordinates dislike work and lack ambition is consistent with the assumptions of Theory X. This management theory assumes that employees have little ambition, dislike work, and must be coerced or threatened to perform. Theory Y, on the other hand, assumes that employees have a natural inclination to work and can be motivated by providing opportunities for personal fulfillment and growth. Theory Z emphasizes the importance of involving employees in decision-making and fostering a sense of community within the workplace.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is the best description of how scientific management viewed workers?

Accepted Answer

Scientific management viewed workers as machines that could be studied and optimized for efficiency. They believed that workers should be programmed to perform their jobs in a specific way to maximize productivity.

Quiz 11: Motivating Employees