Soap and detergent molecules have a long, hydrophobic "tail" and a polar, hydrophilic "head." They are sometimes referred to as "bridge molecules" because they allow oils and fats to be suspended and "dissolved" in aqueous solutions (which they otherwise would not be able to do). Imagine that you are using soap to wash away dirt that is being held against your skin in an oily film. In this scenario, how are the soap, dirt/oil, and water arranged at the molecular level?

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Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The soap molecules encase the dirt/oil within a small droplet that has a water-loving exterior and a water-repelling interior. This is due to the hydrophilic head of the soap molecule bonding with the water molecules, while the hydrophobic tail is attracted to the dirt and oil, forming a small droplet called a micelle. The micelle allows the dirt and oil to be suspended in the water and then washed away.

Soap and Detergent Molecules Have a Long, Hydrophobic "Tail" and a Polar