The processes responsible for virtually all surface geology are .

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Impact cratering, volcanisms, tectonics, and erosion are the primary processes responsible for almost all surface geology. Impact cratering involves collisions of asteroids, comets, and meteoroids with planetary surfaces, which can cause significant changes to the landscape. Volcanism involves the eruption of molten rock, ash, and gas from the Earth's interior onto its surface. Tectonics involves the movement of the Earth's crust and can result in the formation of mountains, rift valleys, and earthquakes. Erosion involves the wearing away of the Earth's surface by water, wind, and ice, which can result in the formation of canyons, valleys, and other features.

The Processes Responsible for Virtually All Surface Geology Are