When variables are related within data drawn from a research sample, the relationship may have been caused by:
A) design flaws
B) rival hypotheses
C) sampling bias
D) all of the above

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

There are multiple potential causes for a relationship between variables within a research sample, including design flaws in the study, rival hypotheses that suggest alternative explanations for the relationship, or sampling bias that may have skewed the results. Therefore, it is possible that any one or a combination of these factors could be responsible for the relationship observed in the data.

When Variables Are Related Within Data Drawn from a Research